Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA; email:
McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA; email:
Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2020 Jun 7;11:559-585. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-111919-091940. Epub 2020 Apr 7.
Alongside the rising global water demand, continued stress on current water supplies has sparked interest in using nontraditional source waters for energy, agriculture, industry, and domestic needs. Membrane technologies have emerged as one of the most promising approaches to achieve water security, but implementation of membrane processes for increasingly complex waters remains a challenge. The technical feasibility of membrane processes replacing conventional treatment of alternative water supplies (e.g., wastewater, seawater, and produced water) is considered in the context of typical and emerging water quality goals. This review considers the effectiveness of current technologies (both conventional and membrane based), as well as the potential for recent advancements in membrane research to achieve these water quality goals. We envision the future of water treatment to integrate advanced membranes (e.g., mixed-matrix membranes, block copolymers) into smart treatment trains that achieve several goals, including fit-for-purpose water generation, resource recovery, and energy conservation.
随着全球水资源需求的不断增长，当前水资源供应持续面临压力，这促使人们开始关注利用非传统水源来满足能源、农业、工业和家庭需求。膜技术已成为实现水安全的最有前途的方法之一，但对于日益复杂的水源，实施膜工艺仍然是一个挑战。本文从典型和新兴的水质目标出发，考虑了膜工艺替代传统处理替代水源（例如废水、海水和采出水）的技术可行性。本综述考虑了当前技术（包括传统技术和基于膜的技术）的有效性，以及膜研究的最新进展在实现这些水质目标方面的潜力。我们设想未来的水处理将把先进的膜（例如混合基质膜、嵌段共聚物）集成到智能处理系统中，以实现多个目标，包括生成满足特定用途的水、资源回收和节能。
