Nhan Tu-Xuan, Musso Didier
Laboratoire d'analyses de biologie médicale, Institut Louis-Malardé, PO BOX 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie française.
Laboratoire d'analyses de biologie médicale, Institut Louis-Malardé, PO BOX 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, Polynésie française, Pôle de recherche et de veille sur les Maladies infectieuses émergentes, Institut Louis-Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie française.
Virologie (Montrouge). 2015 Oct 1;19(5):225-235. doi: 10.1684/vir.2015.0622.
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. ZIKV was first isolated from a non-human primate in 1947, ZIKV infections in humans were sporadic during 60 years before emerging in the Pacific in 2007 and 2013 and in Brazil in 2015. Due to a non-specific clinical presentation, Zika fever can be misdiagnosed with other arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya. ZIKV infections were associated with mild illness before the large French Polynesia outbreak in 2013-2014 in which severe neurological complications were reported. Routine laboratory diagnosis of Zika fever relies on the detection of specific ZIKV RNA by PCR. Serological diagnosis is complicated due to cross reactivity with other flaviviruses. ZIKV adapted to an urban cycle involving humans and domestic mosquito vectors that are widely distributed, such as Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. This adaptation highlights the potential for ZIKV to emerge in tropical, intertropical and also temperate areas.
寨卡病毒（ZIKV）是黄病毒科黄病毒属的一种节肢动物传播病毒（虫媒病毒），通过受感染蚊子的叮咬传播。寨卡病毒于1947年首次从非人类灵长类动物中分离出来，在2007年和2013年出现在太平洋地区以及2015年出现在巴西之前的60年里，人类感染寨卡病毒的情况较为零星。由于临床表现不具特异性，寨卡热可能会被误诊为登革热和基孔肯雅热等其他虫媒病毒。在2013 - 2014年法属波利尼西亚大规模疫情爆发之前，寨卡病毒感染通常与轻症相关，而此次疫情报告了严重的神经并发症。寨卡热的常规实验室诊断依赖于通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测特定的寨卡病毒RNA。由于与其他黄病毒存在交叉反应，血清学诊断较为复杂。寨卡病毒适应了涉及人类和广泛分布的家蚊媒介（如埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊）的城市传播循环。这种适应性凸显了寨卡病毒在热带、热带和温带地区出现的可能性。
