Bessaud Maël, Ferraris Olivier, Ferrier-Rembert Audrey, Jarjaval Fanny, Favier Anne-Laure, Iseni Frédéric, Peyrefitte Christophe N
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Unité de virologie, BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France, Direction régionale du service de santé des armées, Quartier Général-Frère, 33, bd Yves Farge, 69007 Lyon, France.
Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, Unité de virologie, BP73, 91223 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France, Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées, HIA Desgenettes, Centre national de référence des orthopoxvirus, 108, boulevard Pinel, 69275 Lyon cedex 3, France.
Virologie (Montrouge). 2016 Aug 1;20(4):218-230. doi: 10.1684/vir.2016.0664.
Parapoxviruses, double-stranded DNA viruses of the Poxviridæ family, are etiologic agents of cutaneaous infectious diseases among farm animals. These highly contagious viruses are responsible for wide outbreaks among livestock. The clinical manifestations are generally mild and consist of cutaneous or mucosal lesions, which resolve spontaneously within a few weeks. However, secondary bacterial or fungal infections on the lesion sites can aggravate the symptoms. Sore lesions located within the oral cavity and on the udders can impair feeding or nursing, thus leading to death. Livestock parapoxviruses can infect humans by direct or indirect transmission and affect mainly farmers, slaughters and veterinarians. Human symptoms generally consist of small cutaneous lesions located at the inoculation points but more severe forms can occur, peculiarly in immunocompromised persons. The parapoxvirus epidemiology is poorly understood: their respective host range and ecology among wild animals are to be clarified. The identification of parapoxviruses among marine mammals suggests that the genetic diversity within the genus is still underestimated.
副痘病毒是痘病毒科的双链DNA病毒，是家畜皮肤传染病的病原体。这些高度传染性的病毒会导致家畜中广泛的疫情爆发。临床表现通常较轻，包括皮肤或粘膜病变，这些病变会在几周内自行消退。然而，病变部位的继发性细菌或真菌感染会加重症状。口腔和乳房上的疼痛性病变会影响进食或哺乳，从而导致死亡。家畜副痘病毒可通过直接或间接传播感染人类，主要影响农民、屠宰工人和兽医。人类症状通常包括接种部位的小皮肤病变，但也可能出现更严重的形式，特别是在免疫功能低下的人群中。副痘病毒的流行病学了解甚少：它们在野生动物中的各自宿主范围和生态仍有待阐明。在海洋哺乳动物中鉴定出副痘病毒表明该属内的遗传多样性仍被低估。
