Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology-Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, MouzaSamantpuri, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India.
Molecules. 2020 Apr 3;25(7):1645. doi: 10.3390/molecules25071645.
Nucleic acid derivatives are imperative biomolecules and are involved in life governing processes. The chemical modification of nucleic acid is a fascinating area for researchers due to the potential activity exhibited as antiviral and antitumor agents. In addition, these molecules are also of interest toward conducting useful biochemical, pharmaceutical, and mutagenic study. For accessing such synthetically useful structures and features, transition-metal catalyzed processes have been proven over the years to be an excellent tool for carrying out the various transformations with ease and under mild reaction conditions. Amidst various transition-metal catalyzed processes available for nucleoside modification, Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions have proven to be perhaps the most efficient, successful, and broadly applicable reactions in both academia and industry. Pd-catalyzed C-C and C-heteroatom bond forming reactions have been widely used for the modification of the heterocyclic moiety in the nucleosides, although a single catalyst system that could address all the different requirements for nucleoside modifications isvery rare or non-existent. With this in mind, we present herein a review showcasing the recent developments and improvements from our research groups toward the development of Pd-catalyzed strategies including drug synthesis using a single efficient catalyst system for the modification of nucleosides and other heterocycles. The review also highlights the improvement in conditions or the yield of various bio-active nucleosides or commercial drugs possessing the nucleoside structural core. Scale ups wherever performed (up to 100 g) of molecules of commercial importance have also been disclosed.
核酸衍生物是至关重要的生物分子，参与生命调控过程。核酸的化学修饰是研究人员感兴趣的一个迷人领域，因为它们具有作为抗病毒和抗肿瘤剂的潜在活性。此外，这些分子还对进行有用的生化、药物和诱变研究感兴趣。为了获得这些具有合成用途的结构和特性，过渡金属催化过程多年来已被证明是一种极好的工具，可以轻松地在温和的反应条件下进行各种转化。在可用于核苷修饰的各种过渡金属催化过程中，Pd 催化的交叉偶联反应已被证明是学术界和工业界最有效、最成功和最广泛应用的反应之一。Pd 催化的 C-C 和 C-杂原子键形成反应已广泛用于修饰核苷中的杂环部分，尽管单一的催化剂体系可以满足核苷修饰的所有不同要求，但这种体系非常罕见或不存在。考虑到这一点，我们在此展示了我们研究小组在开发 Pd 催化策略方面的最新进展和改进，包括使用单一高效催化剂体系用于修饰核苷和其他杂环的药物合成。该综述还强调了条件的改善或具有核苷结构核心的各种生物活性核苷或商业药物的产率的提高。还披露了对具有商业重要性的分子进行放大（高达 100g）。
