Chen Renjie, Zhao Taolin, Zhang Xiaoxiao, Li Li, Wu Feng
School of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Nanoscale Horiz. 2016 Nov 17;1(6):423-444. doi: 10.1039/c6nh00016a. Epub 2016 May 18.
In recent years, the global climate has further deteriorated because of the excessive consumption of traditional energy sources. The replacement of traditional fossil fuels with limited reserves by alternative energy sources has become one of the main strategies to alleviate the increasingly serious environmental issues. As a sustainable and promising store of renewable energy, lithium-ion batteries have replaced other types of batteries for many small-scale consumer devices. Notwithstanding their worldwide applications, it has become abundantly clear that the design and fabrication of electrode materials is urgently required to adapt to meet the growing global demand for energy and the power densities needed to make electric vehicles fully commercially viable. To dramatically enhance battery performance, further advances in materials chemistry are essential, especially in novel nanomaterials chemistry. The construction of nanostructured cathode materials by reducing particle size can boost electrochemical performance. The present review is intended to provide readers with a better understanding of the unique contribution of various nanoarchitectures to lithium-ion batteries over the last decade. Nanostructured cathode materials with different dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D), morphologies (hollow, core-shell, etc.), and composites (mainly graphene-based composites) are highlighted, aiming to unravel the opportunities for the development of future-generation lithium-ion batteries. The advantages and challenges of nanomaterials are also addressed in this review. We hope to simulate many more extensive and insightful studies on nanoarchitectonic cathode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries with desirable performance.
近年来，由于传统能源的过度消耗，全球气候进一步恶化。用储量有限的传统化石燃料替代为替代能源已成为缓解日益严重的环境问题的主要策略之一。作为一种可持续且有前景的可再生能源存储方式，锂离子电池已在许多小型消费设备中取代了其他类型的电池。尽管它们在全球范围内得到应用，但很明显，迫切需要对电极材料进行设计和制造，以适应全球对能源不断增长的需求以及使电动汽车完全具备商业可行性所需的功率密度。为了显著提高电池性能，材料化学的进一步发展至关重要，尤其是在新型纳米材料化学方面。通过减小粒径构建纳米结构正极材料可以提高电化学性能。本综述旨在让读者更好地了解过去十年中各种纳米结构对锂离子电池的独特贡献。重点介绍了具有不同维度（0D、1D、2D和3D）、形态（空心、核壳等）和复合材料（主要是基于石墨烯的复合材料）的纳米结构正极材料，旨在揭示下一代锂离子电池发展的机遇。本综述还讨论了纳米材料的优势和挑战。我们希望能针对具有理想性能的先进锂离子电池的纳米结构正极材料开展更多广泛且有深度的研究。
