Department of Virus-host Interaction, Heinrich-Pette-Institut (HPI), Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021 Apr;54(2):159-163. doi: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.022. Epub 2020 Mar 31.
COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus with an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and then pandemic. Based on its phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures the COVID-19 belongs to genera Betacoronavirus. Human Betacoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV) have many similarities, but also have differences in their genomic and phenotypic structure that can influence their pathogenesis. COVID-19 is containing single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA associated with a nucleoprotein within a capsid comprised of matrix protein. A typical CoV contains at least six ORFs in its genome. All the structural and accessory proteins are translated from the sgRNAs of CoVs. Four main structural proteins are encoded by ORFs 10, 11 on the one-third of the genome near the 3'-terminus. The genetic and phenotypic structure of COVID-19 in pathogenesis is important. This article highlights the most important of these features compared to other Betacoronaviruses.
新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）是一种新型冠状病毒，在中国武汉引发了罕见的病毒性肺炎疫情，随后在全球范围内大流行。根据其系统发育关系和基因组结构，COVID-19 属于贝塔冠状病毒属。人类贝塔冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV）有许多相似之处，但在基因组和表型结构上也存在差异，这些差异可能影响其发病机制。COVID-19 包含与核蛋白一起位于衣壳内的单链（正链）RNA，衣壳由基质蛋白组成。典型的冠状病毒在其基因组中至少含有六个开放阅读框（ORFs）。所有的结构蛋白和辅助蛋白都是由冠状病毒的 sgRNA 翻译而来的。四个主要的结构蛋白是由基因组三分之一靠近 3'-末端的 ORF10 和 ORF11 编码的。COVID-19 在发病机制中的遗传和表型结构非常重要。本文重点介绍了与其他贝塔冠状病毒相比 COVID-19 的这些特征中最重要的部分。
