Palladino Benedetta Emanuela, Nappa Maria Rosaria, Zambuto Valentina, Menesini Ersilia
Department of Education, Languages, Intercultures, Literatures and Psychology, University of Florence, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2020 Mar 19;11:499. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00499. eCollection 2020.
This study examines the role of acculturation orientation toward home and host countries in ethnic bullying victimization, by considering citizenship status and taking into account social withdrawal. Within a larger school project with middle and high school students, we analyzed data on 252 adolescents from immigrant backgrounds: 71 born abroad without Italian citizenship (Males = 71.4%; mean age = 13.98, = 1.7); 96 born in Italy to immigrant parents and without Italian citizenship (Males = 58.3%; mean age = 13.26, = 1.6); and 85 Italian citizens born in Italy with an immigrant parent (Males = 54.7%; mean age = 13.12, = 1.5). At the univariate level we found that the group of adolescents born abroad with foreign parents showed significantly higher levels of ethnic victimization compared to the group of adolescents born in Italy with an Italian parent. The latter also reported a significantly higher mean in Acculturation Orientation toward their Host Country (i.e., Italy) compared to the other two groups. Looking at the processes working within each group, we found differences in the patterns of association between acculturation orientation and ethnic bullying victimization. Specifically, we found a significant and positive association between acculturation orientation toward the home country and ethnic victimization in the two groups of adolescents born in Italy, while acculturation orientation toward the host country seems to be a protective factor only for adolescents with Italian citizenship. Acculturation orientation does not play any role in ethnic victimization for the first generation of immigrants, while for this group we found a stronger positive effect of Social Withdrawal. Citizenship status appears to be a good indicator of belonging to an ethnic minority group with a background of immigration: it seems to catch specific processes in ethnic bullying victimization.
本研究通过考虑公民身份并兼顾社交退缩情况，考察了对母国和东道国的文化适应取向在族裔欺凌受害情况中所起的作用。在一个针对初中和高中学生的大型学校项目中，我们分析了252名具有移民背景青少年的数据：71名在国外出生且无意大利公民身份（男性占71.4%；平均年龄 = 13.98，标准差 = 1.7）；96名在意大利出生，父母为移民且无意大利公民身份（男性占58.3%；平均年龄 = 13.26，标准差 = 1.6）；以及85名在意大利出生、父母一方为移民的意大利公民（男性占54.7%；平均年龄 = 13.12，标准差 = 1.5）。在单变量层面，我们发现，与父母为意大利人的意大利出生青少年组相比，父母为外国人的国外出生青少年组遭受族裔受害的程度显著更高。与其他两组相比，后一组在对东道国（即意大利）的文化适应取向上的平均得分也显著更高。审视每组内部的作用过程，我们发现文化适应取向与族裔欺凌受害情况之间的关联模式存在差异。具体而言，我们发现，在意大利出生的两组青少年中，对母国的文化适应取向与族裔受害情况之间存在显著的正相关，而对东道国的文化适应取向似乎仅对具有意大利公民身份的青少年起到保护作用。文化适应取向在第一代移民的族裔受害情况中不起任何作用，而对于这一组，我们发现社交退缩的正向影响更强。公民身份似乎是属于具有移民背景的少数族裔群体的一个良好指标：它似乎捕捉到了族裔欺凌受害情况中的特定过程。
