自我报告的疫苗知识与健康科学专业学生的免疫行为之间是否存在关联。

Is there an association between self-reported vaccination knowledge and the immunization behaviour of Health Sciences students.

机构信息

Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Infant, Internal Medicine and Specialization of Excellence "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.

出版信息

Ann Ig. 2020 May-Jun;32(3):223-233. doi: 10.7416/ai.2020.2345.

DOI:10.7416/ai.2020.2345

PMID:32266360

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

The role of vaccinations is widely acknowledged. However, over the last decades, an alarming reduction in immunization coverage and a rising number of reported cases of vaccine-preventable diseases have been recorded. This multicentre cross-sectional study aimed at examining whether there is an association between self-reported vaccination knowledge and the immunization behaviour of Health Sciences students.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was performed, using a validated questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression with stepwise backward selection process with a univariate p-value <0.25 as the main criterion was used. The level of significance chosen for statistical analysis was 0.05.

RESULTS

The sample consisted of 3,131 students (68.1% females). 38.9% of them are medicine and surgery students and 33.1% are nursing students. The multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that, regarding the "suboptimal level of knowledge about vaccine-preventable diseases ", the main and statistically significant independent variables associated are: older age (OR 1.56), having developed a vaccine-preventable disease in the last 5 years (OR 1.38), having been vaccinated against seasonal influenza last year (OR 0.70), having recommended the vaccination to patients or family members during the last influenza season based on clinical evaluation (OR 0.53) and according to the ministerial indications (OR 0.48), planning of recommending the influenza vaccination during the next season based on clinical evaluation (OR 0.67) and according to the ministerial indications (OR 0.69).

DISCUSSION

The study highlighted the importance of academic education on vaccinations in order to build a future generation of health care workers that are aware not only of the usefulness of immunization, but particularly of the major role played by health professionals in promoting a vaccination culture among the general population.

摘要

简介

疫苗接种的作用得到广泛认可。然而，在过去几十年中，免疫接种覆盖率的惊人下降和报告的疫苗可预防疾病的数量不断增加，令人震惊。本多中心横断面研究旨在检查自我报告的疫苗接种知识与卫生科学专业学生的免疫接种行为之间是否存在关联。

方法

采用经过验证的问卷进行横断面研究。使用逐步向后选择过程的多变量逻辑回归，单变量 p 值<0.25 作为主要标准。选择 0.05 作为统计分析的显著性水平。

结果

样本由 3131 名学生（68.1%为女性）组成。其中 38.9%为医学和外科学学生，33.1%为护理学生。多变量逻辑回归分析显示，关于“疫苗可预防疾病知识的低水平”，主要且具有统计学意义的独立变量是：年龄较大（OR 1.56）、过去 5 年中患有疫苗可预防疾病（OR 1.38）、去年接种季节性流感疫苗（OR 0.70）、过去流感季节根据临床评估向患者或家庭成员推荐疫苗接种（OR 0.53）和根据部长指示（OR 0.48）、根据临床评估计划在下一个季节推荐流感疫苗接种（OR 0.67）和根据部长指示（OR 0.69）。