Zotti Maurizio, De Filippis Francesca, Cesarano Gaspare, Ercolini Danilo, Tesei Giulio, Allegrezza Marina, Giannino Francesco, Mazzoleni Stefano, Bonanomi Giuliano
Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy.
Task Force on Microbiome Studies, Università di Napoli Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138, Naples, Italy.
New Phytol. 2020 Aug;227(3):884-898. doi: 10.1111/nph.16583. Epub 2020 May 9.
Species coexistence in grasslands is regulated by several environmental factors and interactions with the soil microbial community. Here, the development of the Basidiomycetes fungus Agaricus arvensis, forming fairy rings, in a species-rich Mediterranean grassland, is described. Effects of the mycelial front on plants, fungi and bacteria were assessed by vegetation survey and next generation sequencing approaches. Our results showed a fungal-dependent shift in the community structure operated by a wave-like spread of fairy rings that decreased plant, fungal and bacterial diversity, indicating a detrimental effect of fairy rings on most species. The fairy rings induced successional processes in plants that enhanced the replacement of a community dominated by perennial plants with short-living and fast-growing plant species. In parallel, fungal and bacterial communities showed evident differences in species composition with several taxa associated within distinct sampling zone across the fairy rings. Notably, bacteria belonging to the Burkholderia genus and fungi of the genus Trichoderma increased in response to the advancing mycelium of A. arvensis. The profound changes in community composition and the overall increase in taxa diversity at ecosystemic scale suggest that fairy ring-forming fungi may act as ecosystem engineer species in Mediterranean grasslands.
草原上的物种共存受多种环境因素以及与土壤微生物群落的相互作用调控。在此，描述了在地中海物种丰富的草原上形成仙女圈的担子菌蘑菇马勃的生长情况。通过植被调查和下一代测序方法评估了菌丝前沿对植物、真菌和细菌的影响。我们的结果表明，仙女圈呈波浪状扩散导致群落结构发生真菌依赖性转变，降低了植物、真菌和细菌的多样性，表明仙女圈对大多数物种具有有害影响。仙女圈引发了植物的演替过程，促使多年生植物主导的群落被短命且生长迅速的植物物种所取代。与此同时，真菌和细菌群落在物种组成上表现出明显差异，在仙女圈不同采样区域内有几种分类群相互关联。值得注意的是，伯克霍尔德氏菌属的细菌和木霉属的真菌随着马勃菌丝的推进而增加。生态系统尺度上群落组成的深刻变化和分类群多样性的总体增加表明，形成仙女圈的真菌可能在地中海草原中充当生态系统工程师物种。
