Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
J Food Sci. 2020 May;85(5):1596-1604. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.15127. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
The human gut microbiome has been classified into three distinct enterotypes (Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus). The relationship between probiotics and gut enterotype is not yet clear. Cayenne pepper is effective in vitro as a prebiotic for Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, so cayenne ingestion with probiotics may lead to more profound gut microbial shifts. We aimed to determine whether probiotics (with or without cayenne pepper) alter gut bacterial community composition and if these changes are associated with the original gut enterotype of the individual. A total of 27 adult participants provided three fecal samples: prior to probiotic treatment (baseline), post probiotic treatment (probiotic), and post probiotic plus cayenne pepper treatment (probiotic + cayenne). DNA was extracted, amplified, and the V4 region sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform using V2 chemistry. Sequence reads were processed in mothur and assigned using the SILVA reference by phylotype. Three enterotypes characterized the study population-Bacteroides (B; n = 6), Prevotella (P; n = 11), and Ruminoccocus (R; n = 10). There was no significant increase in probiotic genera in fecal samples after treatment periods. Alpha diversity scores were significantly lower in B-type but not in P- or R-type individuals after probiotic treatment. For the majority of individuals, their enterotype remained constant regardless of probiotic (and cayenne) treatment. This suggests that baseline gut community characteristics and enterotype classification influence responsiveness to probiotic treatment, but that enterotype is stable across administration of prebiotic and probiotics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: A person's gut microbial community influences their responsiveness to probiotics and prebiotic ingredients. Consumers must understand that it is difficult to shift their gut microbiota even with simultaneous administration of prebiotic and probiotic. Greater understanding of these phenomena will enable consumers to choose the most efficacious products for their needs.
人类肠道微生物群已被分为三种不同的肠型（拟杆菌、普雷沃氏菌和瘤胃球菌）。益生菌与肠道肠型的关系尚不清楚。辣椒素在体外对双歧杆菌和乳杆菌有效，因此辣椒素与益生菌一起摄入可能会导致肠道微生物群发生更深远的变化。我们旨在确定益生菌（有或没有辣椒素）是否改变肠道细菌群落组成，以及这些变化是否与个体的原始肠道肠型有关。共有 27 名成年参与者提供了三份粪便样本：在益生菌治疗前（基线）、益生菌治疗后（益生菌）和益生菌加辣椒素治疗后（益生菌+辣椒素）。使用 V2 化学物质在 Illumina MiSeq 平台上提取、扩增和测序 V4 区域。在 mothur 中处理序列读数，并使用 SILVA 参考通过种型进行分配。三种肠型特征描述了研究人群-拟杆菌（B；n=6）、普雷沃氏菌（P；n=11）和瘤胃球菌（R；n=10）。治疗后粪便样本中益生菌属的数量没有显著增加。在益生菌治疗后，B 型个体的 alpha 多样性评分显著降低，但 P 型或 R 型个体则没有。对于大多数个体，无论是否接受益生菌（和辣椒素）治疗，其肠型都保持不变。这表明基线肠道群落特征和肠型分类影响对益生菌治疗的反应性，但肠型在预生物和益生菌的给药过程中是稳定的。实际应用：一个人的肠道微生物群落影响他们对益生菌和益生元成分的反应性。消费者必须明白，即使同时服用益生菌和益生元，也很难改变他们的肠道微生物群。更深入地了解这些现象将使消费者能够为他们的需求选择最有效的产品。
