Wang Pei, Liu Yuting, Zhou Pei
East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2020 May;206:103041. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103041. Epub 2020 Apr 5.
The aim of this study is to explore the processing features of the multi-social categories and their mechanisms of interaction. Adopting the Inhibition Paradigm in experiment 1, this study investigated whether the race and gender information obtained from images of face would influence the judgment of name category under the different perceptual load levels. The results of two sub-experiments showed that facial features contained strong, intuitive clues for race category. When the perceptual load level was low, it was automatically processed whether it was related to the task or not; when the perceptual load level was high, the automated process did not occur. The gender category utilized top-down flexible processing, which could be affected easily by the intent of the task. It was not processed when it was irrelevant to the task. Experiment 2 further proved that the different levels of difficulty would not have impact on the results of experiment 1. In summary, this study suggests that the race category is an automatic process from the bottom to up, which affects the processing of irrelevant primitive social categories; and that gender processing is regulated by the task intention, exhibiting top-down processing characteristics without affecting the processing of irrelevant primary social categories. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an asymmetry in the interaction of the primary social categories.
本研究旨在探讨多社会类别加工特征及其交互作用机制。在实验1中采用抑制范式，研究在不同知觉负载水平下，从面部图像中获取的种族和性别信息是否会影响名字类别的判断。两个子实验结果表明，面部特征包含关于种族类别的强烈直观线索。当知觉负载水平较低时，无论其是否与任务相关都会被自动加工；当知觉负载水平较高时，自动加工不会发生。性别类别采用自上而下的灵活加工，容易受到任务意图的影响。当与任务不相关时不会被加工。实验2进一步证明不同难度水平不会对实验1的结果产生影响。综上所述，本研究表明种族类别是自下而上的自动加工过程，会影响无关原始社会类别的加工；而性别加工受任务意图调控，表现出自上而下的加工特征，不影响无关主要社会类别的加工。因此，可以得出结论，主要社会类别之间的交互存在不对称性。
