University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States.
University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, 1122 Boat St., Seattle, WA, 98195, United States.
Sci Rep. 2020 Apr 8;10(1):6042. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63218-x.
The innate immune response is active in invertebrate larvae from early development. Induction of immune response pathways may occur as part of the natural progression of larval development, but an up-regulation of pathways can also occur in response to a pathogen. Here, we took advantage of a protozoan ciliate infestation of a larval geoduck clam culture in a commercial hatchery to investigate the molecular underpinnings of the innate immune response of the larvae to the pathogen. Larval proteomes were analyzed on days 4-10 post-fertilization; ciliates were present on days 8 and 10 post-fertilization. Through comparisons with larval cultures that did not encounter ciliates, proteins implicated in the response to ciliate presence were identified using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Ciliate response proteins included many associated with ribosomal synthesis and protein translation, suggesting the importance of protein synthesis during the larval immune response. There was also an increased abundance of proteins typically associated with the stress and immune responses during ciliate exposure, such as heat shock proteins, glutathione metabolism, and the reactive oxygen species response. These findings provide a basic understanding of the bivalve molecular response to a mortality-inducing ciliate and improved characterization of the ontogenetic development of the innate immune response.
先天免疫反应在无脊椎动物幼虫的早期发育中就很活跃。免疫反应途径的诱导可能是幼虫发育自然进程的一部分，但也可以针对病原体发生途径的上调。在这里，我们利用一种原生纤毛虫纤毛虫在商业孵化场的幼虫象拔蚌养殖中的侵袭，来研究幼虫对病原体先天免疫反应的分子基础。在受精后第 4-10 天分析幼虫的蛋白质组；在受精后第 8 和第 10 天出现纤毛虫。通过与未遇到纤毛虫的幼虫培养物进行比较，使用基于质谱的蛋白质组学鉴定了与纤毛虫存在相关的反应蛋白。纤毛虫反应蛋白包括许多与核糖体合成和蛋白质翻译相关的蛋白，这表明在幼虫免疫反应过程中蛋白质合成的重要性。在纤毛虫暴露期间，通常与应激和免疫反应相关的蛋白的丰度也增加，如热休克蛋白、谷胱甘肽代谢和活性氧反应。这些发现为贝类对致死性纤毛虫的分子反应提供了基本的了解，并改善了先天免疫反应的个体发生发育的特征描述。
