Michałowska-Sawczyn Monika, Lachowicz Milena, Grzywacz Anna, Suchanecka Aleksandra, Chmielowiec Jolanta, Chmielowiec Krzysztof, Chycki Jakub, Trybek Grzegorz, Żmijewski Piotr, Cięszczyk Paweł
Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland.
Independent Laboratory of Health Promotion of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.
J Hum Kinet. 2020 Mar 31;72:79-89. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0119. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Personality traits, especially in sport are modulatory factors of athletes' behavior - his/ her conscientiousness, the will to achieve an aim, perseverance and motivation of activity. Not only are biological predispositions related to anatomical or biochemical traits of success, but they are also largely determined by personality traits that result from genetic factors. In our research we joined tests of athlete's personality in correlation with genotypes of the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene polymorphism. The selection of this polymorphism was based on previous reports connecting the influence of dopamine with motivation and numerous arguments supporting its correlation with human behavior. We observed significant differences among polymorphisms DAT 9/9, 9/10, 10/10 in terms of proportion of particular genotypes between athletes and the control group. We also found significant differences in the NEO FFI sten scale for conscientiousness. We noticed that anxiety was related with genotypic variants of DAT1, specifically the 9/10 VNTR variant, which conditioned lower levels of anxiety in the group of tested athletes. By contrast, the lower sten value of agreeability was statistically significant for the group of athletes that were carriers of the 10/10 VNTR genotype. Heterozygous 9/10 VNTR among athletes showed lower levels of anxiety in comparison with the control group, whereas agreeability determined using the NEO FFI scale represented a lower value among athletes that had the 10/10 polymorphism. We may thus conclude that the presence of polymorphic variants of the dopamine transporter gene corresponds to athletes' personality traits.
人格特质，尤其是在体育运动中，是运动员行为的调节因素——他/她的尽责性、实现目标的意愿、毅力和活动动机。不仅生物倾向与成功的解剖学或生物化学特征相关，而且它们在很大程度上还由遗传因素导致的人格特质所决定。在我们的研究中，我们将运动员的人格测试与多巴胺转运体（DAT1）基因多态性的基因型相关联。选择这种多态性是基于先前关于多巴胺影响与动机的报道以及众多支持其与人类行为相关性的论据。我们观察到，在运动员和对照组之间，DAT 9/9、9/10、10/10多态性在特定基因型比例方面存在显著差异。我们还发现，在尽责性的NEO FFI标准分数上存在显著差异。我们注意到，焦虑与DAT1的基因型变体有关，特别是9/10 VNTR变体，它使得受试运动员组中的焦虑水平较低。相比之下，对于10/10 VNTR基因型携带者的运动员组，宜人性的较低标准分数具有统计学意义。与对照组相比，运动员中的杂合9/10 VNTR显示出较低的焦虑水平，而使用NEO FFI量表确定的宜人性在具有10/10多态性的运动员中表现出较低的值。因此，我们可以得出结论，多巴胺转运体基因多态性变体的存在与运动员的人格特质相对应。
