Michałowska-Sawczyn Monika, Humińska-Lisowska Kinga, Chmielowiec Krzysztof, Chmielowiec Jolanta, Strońska-Pluta Aleksandra, Suchanecka Aleksandra, Zadroga Łukasz, Massidda Myosotis, Calò Carla Maria, Recław Remigiusz, Grzywacz Anna
Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Poland.
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, 28 Zyty St., 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland.
Biol Sport. 2025 Apr;42(2):35-43. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2025.139470. Epub 2024 Aug 30.
Research into sports participation has increasingly pointed to inherent biological mechanisms as influential factors alongside psychosocial and environmental elements. The dopaminergic D2 receptor is a strong candidate gene for physical activity behaviour, given its role in locomotor control and reward mechanisms. Hence, this study aimed to analyse the association of the gene rs1079597 polymorphism with personality traits in elite athletes. The study group consisted of 395 volunteers. Of these, 163 were professional athletes (22.56 ± 5.9; M = 114, F = 49), and 232 were controls (22.07 ± 4.3; M = 150, F = 82). The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory were administered in both groups. Genotyping was performed using the real-time PCR method. Statistical analysis was performed: genotypes and alleles frequencies were compared using the chi-square test and the relations between rs1079597 variants, professional athletes and control participants and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory were analysed with the factorial ANOVA. Statistically significant differences were found in the frequency of rs1079597 genotypes and alleles in the group of professional athletes group compared to the control group. The GG genotype and G allele were significantly more frequent in the group of professional athletes (G/G 0.79 vs G/G 0.66; A/A 0.04 vs A/A 0.03; A/G 0.17 vs A/G 0.31, ; G 0.87 vs. G 0.81; A 0.13 vs. A 0.19, = 0.0281) compared to the control group. The professional athletes' participants, compared to the controls, obtained significantly higher scores in the assessment of NEO-FFI Extraversion ( = 0.0369) and Conscientiousness (p < 0.0001) scales. Additionally, there was a statistically significant effect of DRD2 rs1079597 genotype association with being a professional athlete on the Openness scale (F = 3.07; = 0.0475; η = 0.015) and on the Conscientiousness scale (F = 3.23; = 0.0406; η = 0.016). This study highlights the significant associations between the polymorphic site and personality traits in a group of professional athletes. It also demonstrates the association of polymorphism and professional sportsmanship with personality traits measured by NEO-FFI. The results suggest that genetic factors and professional sportsmanship both shape an athlete's personality traits.
对体育参与的研究越来越多地指出，内在生物机制是与心理社会和环境因素并列的影响因素。多巴胺能D2受体因其在运动控制和奖励机制中的作用，是身体活动行为的一个强有力的候选基因。因此，本研究旨在分析rs1079597基因多态性与精英运动员人格特质之间的关联。研究组由395名志愿者组成。其中，163名是职业运动员（22.56±5.9；男性114名，女性49名），232名是对照组（22.07±4.3；男性150名，女性82名）。两组均进行了MINI国际神经精神访谈和NEO五因素问卷测试。采用实时PCR方法进行基因分型。进行了统计分析：使用卡方检验比较基因型和等位基因频率，并通过析因方差分析分析rs1079597变体、职业运动员和对照参与者与NEO五因素问卷之间的关系。与对照组相比，职业运动员组中rs1079597基因型和等位基因的频率存在统计学显著差异。职业运动员组中GG基因型和G等位基因的频率明显更高（G/G 0.79对G/G 0.66；A/A 0.04对A/A 0.03；A/G 0.17对A/G 0.31；G 0.87对G 0.81；A 0.13对A 0.19，p = 0.0281）。与对照组相比，职业运动员在NEO-FFI外向性量表（p = 0.0369）和尽责性量表（p < 0.0001）的评估中得分显著更高。此外，DRD2 rs1079597基因型与职业运动员身份在开放性量表（F = 3.07；p = 0.0475；η = 0.015）和尽责性量表（F = 3.23；p = 0.0406；η = 0.016）上存在统计学显著关联。本研究突出了一组职业运动员中该多态性位点与人格特质之间的显著关联。它还证明了该多态性与职业体育精神和由NEO-FFI测量的人格特质之间的关联。结果表明，遗传因素和职业体育精神都塑造了运动员的人格特质。
