Hapak Sophie M, Rothlin Carla V, Ghosh Sourav
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 401 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.
Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, U.S.A.
Neuronal Signal. 2019 Sep;3(3):NS20190019. doi: 10.1042/NS20190019. Epub 2019 Sep 23.
The atypical Protein Kinase Cs (aPKCs)-PRKCI, PRKCZ and PKMζ-form a subfamily within the Protein Kinase C (PKC) family. These kinases are expressed in the nervous system, including during its development and in adulthood. One of the aPKCs, PKMζ, appears to be restricted to the nervous system. aPKCs are known to play a role in a variety of cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, polarity, migration, survival and key metabolic functions such as glucose uptake, that are critical for nervous system development and function. Therefore, these kinases have garnered a lot of interest in terms of their functional role in the nervous system. Here we review the expression and function of aPKCs in neural development and in neuronal maturation and function. Despite seemingly paradoxical findings with genetic deletion gene silencing approaches, we posit that aPKCs are likely candidates for regulating many important neurodevelopmental and neuronal functions, and may be associated with a number of human neuropsychiatric diseases.
非典型蛋白激酶C（aPKC）——PRKCI、PRKCZ和PKMζ——在蛋白激酶C（PKC）家族中形成一个亚家族。这些激酶在神经系统中表达，包括在其发育过程中和成年期。其中一种aPKC，PKMζ，似乎仅限于神经系统。已知aPKC在多种细胞反应中发挥作用，如增殖、分化、极性、迁移、存活以及关键的代谢功能，如葡萄糖摄取，这些对于神经系统的发育和功能至关重要。因此，这些激酶在其在神经系统中的功能作用方面引起了极大的兴趣。在这里，我们综述了aPKC在神经发育、神经元成熟和功能中的表达及功能。尽管基因敲除和基因沉默方法得出了看似矛盾的结果，但我们认为aPKC很可能是调节许多重要神经发育和神经元功能的候选者，并且可能与多种人类神经精神疾病有关。
