School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
African Population and Health Research Center, APHRC Campus, Manga Close, Off Kirawa Road, P.O. Box 10787-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Int J Public Health. 2020 May;65(4):497-506. doi: 10.1007/s00038-020-01364-9. Epub 2020 Apr 9.
To investigate the association between gender norms about romantic relationships and sexual experiences of very young male adolescents (VYMA) living in Korogocho slum in Nairobi, Kenya.
We used cross-sectional data from a sample of 426 VYMA living in Korogocho slum. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to, respectively, explore and validate the factor structure underlying gender norms scale items. We used structural equation modelling to assess the association between gender norms and sexual experiences of VYMA.
We found high endorsement of heteronormative beliefs about romantic relationships and low endorsement of sexual double standards. Sexual experience was associated with low endorsement of heteronormative beliefs, being pre-pubertal, school absenteeism and being below recommended grade for age. Sharing a sleeping room with more than two people, been born outside Nairobi, and living in households headed by older persons lowered the likelihood of sexual experience.
Our findings underscore the need for further research to understand how gender norms evolve as young boys transition through adolescence to adulthood and how these changes impact on sexual behaviors.
探讨肯尼亚内罗毕科罗戈乔贫民窟中非常年轻的男青少年（VYMA）的浪漫关系性别规范与性经历之间的关联。
我们使用了来自科罗戈乔贫民窟的 426 名 VYMA 的横截面数据。我们进行了探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析，分别探索和验证性别规范量表项目的因子结构。我们使用结构方程模型评估 VYMA 的性别规范与性经历之间的关联。
我们发现对浪漫关系的异性恋规范信念高度认可，而对性双重标准的认可程度较低。性经历与对异性恋规范信念的低认可度、青春期前、逃学和低于年龄推荐年级有关。与两人以上共用一个卧室、出生于内罗毕以外地区以及居住在由年长者领导的家庭中，性经历的可能性降低。
我们的研究结果强调需要进一步研究，以了解年轻男孩在青春期到成年期过渡期间性别规范如何演变，以及这些变化如何影响性行为。
