University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Adv Child Dev Behav. 2018;54:215-258. doi: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2017.10.003. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
Susceptibility to social influence is associated with a host of negative outcomes during adolescence. However, emerging evidence implicates the role of peers and parents in adolescents' positive and adaptive adjustment. Hence, in this chapter we highlight social influence as an opportunity for promoting social adjustment, which can redirect negative trajectories and help adolescents thrive. We discuss influential models about the processes underlying social influence, with a particular emphasis on internalizing social norms, embedded in social learning and social identity theory. We link this behavioral work to developmental social neuroscience research, rooted in neurobiological models of decision making and social cognition. Work from this perspective suggests that the adolescent brain is highly malleable and particularly oriented toward the social world, which may account for heightened susceptibility to social influences during this developmental period. This chapter underscores the need to leverage social influences during adolescence, even beyond the family and peer context, to promote positive developmental outcomes. By further probing the underlying neural mechanisms as an additional layer to examining social influence on positive youth development, we will be able to gain traction on our understanding of this complex phenomenon.
青少年时期，易受社会影响与许多负面结果有关。然而，新出现的证据表明，同伴和父母在青少年积极和适应性调整方面发挥着重要作用。因此，在本章中，我们强调社会影响是促进社会适应的机会，它可以改变负面轨迹，帮助青少年茁壮成长。我们讨论了关于社会影响背后过程的有影响力的模型，特别强调了内化社会规范，这些规范嵌入社会学习和社会认同理论中。我们将这项行为工作与发展社会神经科学研究联系起来，该研究根植于决策和社会认知的神经生物学模型。从这个角度来看，工作表明青少年的大脑具有高度的可塑性，并且特别倾向于社交世界，这可能解释了在这个发展阶段对社会影响的高度敏感性。本章强调了在青少年时期利用社会影响的必要性，即使超越家庭和同伴环境，也要促进积极的发展结果。通过进一步探究潜在的神经机制作为检验社会对积极青年发展影响的附加层面，我们将能够更好地理解这一复杂现象。
