School of Educational Foundations, Leadership and Aviation, Oklahoma State University, 217 Willard Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2020 Jun;49(6):1209-1224. doi: 10.1007/s10964-020-01230-0. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
Multitasking on digital devices during social interactions has become increasingly common, but research on this behavior is far from thorough. Expanding on literature of phubbing and technoference, the authors proposed a theoretical framework, digital social multitasking, defined as performing technology-based multitasking during a social interaction, to study the behavior. This mixed-methods study focused on one type of digital social multitasking: phone use during a face-to-face interaction with a friend. Self-report survey data were collected from 222 college students (M = 19.87; 82% female; 45% Black or African American, 43% White or European American). Results showed that digital social multitasking mostly took place when the face-to-face interaction was casual, and the majority of the phone-based activities were shared between the participant and the friend. Participants did not hold a negative view of their own or friend's digital social multitasking, but when they saw their own multitasking as distracting or friend's multitasking as dismissive, they reported lower friendship quality and higher loneliness. The level of one's own and friend's multitasking did not directly associate with friendship quality and loneliness; they only indirectly associated with the well-being outcomes via negative perception of the behavior. Friend's digital social multitasking had stronger associations with poor socioemotional well-being when the face-to-face interactions were serious in nature. Overall, the socioemotional implications of college emerging adults' phone use during peer interactions did not seem as alarming as what many may have believed, and the implications were contingent upon the context of the behavior.
在社交互动中同时使用数字设备的行为变得越来越普遍，但对这种行为的研究还远远不够。本研究在“低头症”和“科技打扰”文献的基础上，提出了一个理论框架——数字社交多任务处理，即将在社交互动中进行基于技术的多任务处理定义为一种行为来进行研究。本混合方法研究集中于一种数字社交多任务处理：在与朋友进行面对面互动时使用手机。研究从 222 名大学生（M=19.87；82%为女性；45%为黑人或非裔美国人，43%为白种人或欧洲裔美国人）中收集了自我报告的调查数据。结果表明，数字社交多任务处理大多发生在面对面互动比较随意的时候，而且大多数基于手机的活动都是参与者和朋友之间共享的。参与者对自己或朋友的数字社交多任务处理并不持负面看法，但当他们认为自己的多任务处理分散注意力或朋友的多任务处理不屑一顾时，他们报告的友谊质量较低，孤独感较高。自己和朋友的多任务处理水平与友谊质量和孤独感没有直接关联；只有当他们对这种行为的负面看法，才会间接地与幸福感结果相关联。当面对面互动的性质较为严肃时，朋友的数字社交多任务处理与较差的社会情感幸福感之间的关联更强。总的来说，大学生在与同龄人互动时使用手机对社会情感健康的影响并不像许多人想象的那么严重，而且这种影响取决于行为的背景。
