Horizontal gene transfer of from fungus underlies head blight resistance in wheat.

head blight (FHB), a fungal disease caused by species that produce food toxins, currently devastates wheat production worldwide, yet few resistance resources have been discovered in wheat germplasm. Here, we cloned the FHB resistance gene by assembling the genome of , a species used in wheat distant hybridization breeding. encodes a glutathione S-transferase (GST) and confers broad resistance to species by detoxifying trichothecenes through de-epoxidation. GST homologs are absent in plants, and our evidence supports that has gained through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from an endophytic species. introgressions in wheat confers resistance to both FHB and crown rot in diverse wheat backgrounds without yield penalty, providing a solution for resistance breeding.