Pu Lefan, Jin Qiaojun, Cai Xuewei, Qu Chenfei, Zhang Jiayi, Bai Xingxuan, Guo Jia, Kang Zhensheng, Guo Jun
State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P. R. China.
Stress Biol. 2025 Aug 25;5(1):52. doi: 10.1007/s44154-025-00247-4.
Crown rot (CR), caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum and related species, is a soil-borne disease threatening global wheat (Triticum aestivum) production, with yield losses exceeding 50% under severe infections. The rapid spread of CR in China, driven by straw retention policies and warming climates, highlights the need for interdisciplinary solutions. This review systematically integrates advances in CR research and addresses pathogen biology, host resistance, and sustainable management. Research on pathogen biology has clarified the distribution of major Fusarium species, the infection process, toxin profiles, mating types, and virulence factors. Host resistance to CR is quantitatively controlled, and through quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and omics-based approaches, several genes encoding transcription factors, receptor-like kinases and enzymes, signaling pathways and secondary metabolites involved in resistance have been identified. Advances in control strategies, including chemical and biological methods, as well as the application of nanotechnology, have shown promising results. The review also highlights future research directions, such as investigating the molecular mechanisms of pathogen-host interactions, identifying effectors and susceptibility genes for CR in wheat, and integrating multi-omics studies with high-resolution genetic maps to pinpoint CR resistance genes. These efforts are crucial for improving our understanding of the disease and developing effective management strategies.
由假禾谷镰刀菌及相关物种引起的冠腐病是一种土传病害，威胁着全球小麦（普通小麦）生产，在严重感染情况下产量损失超过50%。在中国，由于秸秆还田政策和气候变暖，冠腐病迅速蔓延，这凸显了跨学科解决方案的必要性。本综述系统整合了冠腐病研究进展，涉及病原菌生物学、寄主抗性和可持续管理。病原菌生物学研究已阐明了主要镰刀菌物种的分布、感染过程、毒素谱、交配型和毒力因子。寄主对冠腐病的抗性受数量性状控制，通过数量性状位点（QTL）定位和基于组学的方法，已鉴定出几个编码转录因子、类受体激酶和酶、参与抗性的信号通路及次生代谢产物的基因。包括化学和生物学方法以及纳米技术应用在内的防治策略取得了有前景的成果。本综述还强调了未来的研究方向，如研究病原菌与寄主相互作用的分子机制、鉴定小麦冠腐病的效应子和感病基因，以及将多组学研究与高分辨率遗传图谱整合以确定冠腐病抗性基因。这些努力对于增进我们对该病害的理解和制定有效的管理策略至关重要。
