Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France.
Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France.
Science. 2020 Apr 10;368(6487):173-177. doi: 10.1126/science.aaz5601.
Two-dimensional systems can host exotic particles called anyons whose quantum statistics are neither bosonic nor fermionic. For example, the elementary excitations of the fractional quantum Hall effect at filling factor ν = 1/ (where is an odd integer) have been predicted to obey Abelian fractional statistics, with a phase ϕ associated with the exchange of two particles equal to π/ However, despite numerous experimental attempts, clear signatures of fractional statistics have remained elusive. We experimentally demonstrate Abelian fractional statistics at filling factor ν = ⅓ by measuring the current correlations resulting from the collision between anyons at a beamsplitter. By analyzing their dependence on the anyon current impinging on the splitter and comparing with recent theoretical models, we extract ϕ = π/3, in agreement with predictions.
二维系统可以容纳被称为任意子的奇异粒子，其量子统计既不是玻色子也不是费米子。例如，填充因子 ν = 1/（其中 是奇数整数）的分数量子霍尔效应的基本激发被预测为服从阿贝尔分数统计，与两个粒子交换相关的相位 ϕ等于π/。然而，尽管进行了多次实验尝试，分数统计的明确特征仍然难以捉摸。我们通过测量分束器处任意子碰撞产生的电流相关性，实验证明了填充因子 ν = ⅓ 处的阿贝尔分数统计。通过分析它们对分束器上任意子电流的依赖关系，并与最近的理论模型进行比较，我们提取出 ϕ = π/3，与预测结果一致。
