Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Behav Med. 2022 Jan-Mar;48(1):1-9. doi: 10.1080/08964289.2020.1750335. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
Although extensive research suggests that behavior change interventions can improve physical activity (PA) over the course of an intervention, the maintenance of these improvements beyond intervention termination is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine, through meta-analysis, whether behavior change interventions produce sustained improvements in PA after interventions conclude. Studies were retrieved from a recent (2019) meta-analysis of 224 interventions. Studies that measured PA at baseline, post-intervention, and a follow-up timepoint were included in this updated review. We examined the effects of these interventions in terms of changes in PA from baseline to post-intervention, baseline to follow-up, and post-intervention to follow-up (relative to control groups). We also examined whether the inclusion of theory and behavior change techniques (BCTs) within interventions as well as the length of time between PA assessments moderated these effects. Thirty-nine interventions (17% of interventions from the previous review) from 31 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant improvements in PA were found from baseline to follow-up ( = 0.32). In general, these effects resulted from significant increases in PA from baseline to post-intervention ( = 0.46), followed by significant decreases from post-intervention to follow-up ( = -0.18). Effect sizes did not vary between theory-based and no-stated-theory interventions. The positive effects from baseline to post-intervention and negative effects from post-intervention to follow-up were more pronounced as the length of time between assessments increased. In conclusion, behavior change interventions improve PA over the course of the intervention; however, these improvements are generally not sustained after the intervention concludes.
虽然大量研究表明，行为改变干预可以在干预过程中提高身体活动（PA）水平，但干预结束后这些改善的维持情况尚不清楚。本研究的目的是通过荟萃分析确定，行为改变干预是否会在干预结束后持续提高 PA。研究从最近（2019 年）对 224 项干预措施的荟萃分析中检索得到。本研究更新回顾纳入了在基线、干预后和随访时间点测量 PA 的研究。我们根据从基线到干预后、基线到随访和干预后到随访的 PA 变化来评估这些干预措施的效果（与对照组相比）。我们还研究了干预中纳入理论和行为改变技术（BCT）以及 PA 评估之间的时间间隔是否会调节这些效果。31 项研究中的 39 项干预措施（前一次综述中干预措施的 17%）纳入荟萃分析。从基线到随访，PA 显著改善（ = 0.32）。一般来说，这些效果是由于基线到干预后的 PA 显著增加（ = 0.46），随后从干预后到随访的 PA 显著减少（ = -0.18）。基于理论和未说明理论的干预措施之间的效果大小没有差异。从基线到干预后和从干预后到随访的正效应随着评估之间的时间间隔增加而更加明显。总之，行为改变干预在干预过程中提高 PA；然而，这些改善在干预结束后通常不能持续。
