Sciences Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain; Institute for Advanced Materials (InaMat), Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
Sciences Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía s/n, 31006, Pamplona, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2020 Jul 1;265:110510. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110510. Epub 2020 Apr 7.
Valorization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes (FVW) is challenging owing to logistic-related problems, as well as to their perishable nature and heterogeneity, among other factors. In this work, the main existing routes for food waste valorization are critically reviewed. The study focuses on FVW because they constitute an important potential source for valuable natural products and chemicals. It can be concluded that FVW management can be carried out following different processing routes, though nowadays the best solution is to find an adequate balance between conventional waste management methods and some emerging valorization technologies. Presently, both conventional and emerging technologies must be considered in a coordinated manner to enable an integral management of FVW. By doing so, impacts on food safety and on the environment can be minimized whilst wasting of natural resources is avoided. Depending on the characteristics of FVW and on the existing market demand, the most relevant valorization options are extraction of bioactive compounds, production of enzymes and exopolysaccharides, synthesis of bioplastics and biopolymers and production of biofuels. The most efficient emergent processing technologies must be promoted in the long term, in detriment of the conventional ones used nowadays. In consequence, future integral valorization of FVW will probably comprise two stages: direct processing of FVW into value-added products, followed by processing of the residual streams, byproducts and leftover matter by means of conventional waste management technologies.
由于物流相关问题以及易腐性和异质性等因素，水果和蔬菜废物（FVW）的利用具有挑战性。在这项工作中，批判性地回顾了食品废物利用的主要现有途径。本研究侧重于 FVW，因为它们是有价值的天然产品和化学品的重要潜在来源。可以得出结论，FVW 管理可以遵循不同的加工路线进行，尽管如今最好的解决方案是在传统废物管理方法和一些新兴的增值技术之间找到适当的平衡。目前，必须以协调的方式考虑传统和新兴技术，以实现 FVW 的综合管理。通过这样做，可以最大限度地减少对食品安全和环境的影响，同时避免自然资源的浪费。根据 FVW 的特性和现有市场需求，最相关的增值选择是提取生物活性化合物、生产酶和胞外多糖、合成生物塑料和生物聚合物以及生产生物燃料。从长远来看，必须推广最有效的新兴加工技术，以牺牲当今使用的传统技术为代价。因此，未来 FVW 的综合增值可能包括两个阶段：直接将 FVW 加工成增值产品，然后通过传统的废物管理技术对剩余物流、副产品和剩余物质进行加工。
