Ray Ramesh C, Behera Sudhanshu S, Awogbemi Omojola, Sooch Balwinder Singh, Thatoi Hrudayanath, Rath Subhashree, Aguilar-Rivera Noé
Center for Industrial Biotechnology Research, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (SOA) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India.
Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
AIMS Microbiol. 2025 Jun 24;11(2):462-500. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2025021. eCollection 2025.
The magnitude of the global fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) generated and its contribution to environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emissions are alarming and necessitate appropriate remediation measures. In addition to typical FVW applications such as landfilling and manure production, our previous article critically explored the added value of FVWs for producing enzymes and organic acids by deploying various microbial processes. However, with the advancement of novel solid-state fermentation (SSF) technology, several products (other than enzymes and organic acids) have been developed from FVWs. This review article addresses the valorization of FVWs into the production of various bioproducts (i.e., microbial inoculants, single-cell proteins, aquafeeds, bioinsecticides, antimicrobial agents, or prebiotics), platform chemicals (i.e., polyphenols, biocolorants, exopolysaccharides, biosurfactants, biocomposites, or carbon dots), and biofuels. Upscaling and downstream aspects, techno-economic feasibility reports, and lifecycle assessments are also covered in the article. Rather than an overburden, FVWs can be regarded as a potential substrate for SSF, and successful transformation to novel bioproducts further contributes to a circular economy.
全球产生的水果和蔬菜废弃物（FVW）数量及其对环境污染和温室气体排放的影响令人担忧，需要采取适当的补救措施。除了诸如填埋和生产肥料等典型的FVW应用外，我们之前的文章还批判性地探讨了通过各种微生物过程利用FVW生产酶和有机酸的附加值。然而，随着新型固态发酵（SSF）技术的进步，已经从FVW中开发出了几种产品（除酶和有机酸外）。这篇综述文章讨论了将FVW转化为各种生物产品（即微生物接种剂、单细胞蛋白、水产饲料、生物杀虫剂、抗菌剂或益生元）、平台化学品（即多酚、生物色素、胞外多糖、生物表面活性剂、生物复合材料或碳点）和生物燃料的价值。文章还涵盖了扩大规模和下游方面、技术经济可行性报告以及生命周期评估。FVW不应被视为一种负担，而可被视为SSF的潜在底物，成功转化为新型生物产品进一步有助于循环经济。
