Agronomy Department, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India.
Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2124:39-68. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_3.
Plant genetic transformation is an important technological advancement in modern science, which has not only facilitated gaining fundamental insights into plant biology but also started a new era in crop improvement and commercial farming. However, for many crop plants, efficient transformation and regeneration still remain a challenge even after more than 30 years of technical developments in this field. Recently, FokI endonuclease-based genome editing applications in plants offered an exciting avenue for augmenting crop productivity but it is mainly dependent on efficient genetic transformation and regeneration, which is a major roadblock for implementing genome editing technology in plants. In this chapter, we have outlined the major historical developments in plant genetic transformation for developing biotech crops. Overall, this field needs innovations in plant tissue culture methods for simplification of operational steps for enhancing the transformation efficiency. Similarly, discovering genes controlling developmental reprogramming and homologous recombination need considerable attention, followed by understanding their role in enhancing genetic transformation efficiency in plants. Further, there is an urgent need for exploring new and low-cost universal delivery systems for DNA/RNA and protein into plants. The advancements in synthetic biology, novel vector systems for precision genome editing and gene integration could potentially bring revolution in crop-genetic potential enhancement for a sustainable future. Therefore, efficient plant transformation system standardization across species holds the key for translating advances in plant molecular biology to crop improvement.
植物遗传转化是现代科学的一项重要技术进步，它不仅促进了对植物生物学的基本了解，而且开启了作物改良和商业种植的新时代。然而，对于许多作物植物来说，即使在该领域经过 30 多年的技术发展之后，高效的转化和再生仍然是一个挑战。最近，基于 FokI 内切酶的基因组编辑在植物中的应用为提高作物生产力提供了一个令人兴奋的途径，但它主要依赖于高效的遗传转化和再生，这是在植物中实施基因组编辑技术的主要障碍。在本章中，我们概述了用于开发生物技术作物的植物遗传转化的主要历史发展。总的来说，这个领域需要在植物组织培养方法上进行创新，以简化操作步骤，提高转化效率。同样，需要相当重视发现控制发育重编程和同源重组的基因，并了解它们在提高植物遗传转化效率方面的作用。此外，迫切需要探索新的和低成本的通用 DNA/RNA 和蛋白质递送到植物的系统。合成生物学的进步、用于精确基因组编辑和基因整合的新型载体系统有可能为可持续未来的作物遗传潜力增强带来革命。因此，跨物种的高效植物转化系统标准化是将植物分子生物学的进展转化为作物改良的关键。
