Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
J Adolesc. 2020 Jun;81:19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.03.010. Epub 2020 Apr 8.
Youth with callous-unemotional (CU) traits show severe and chronic forms of antisocial behavior, as well as deficits in socioaffiliative processes, such as empathy, guilt, and prosocial behavior. Adolescence represents a critical developmental window when these socioaffiliative processes can help to deepen the strength of supportive peer friendships. However, few studies have explored the relationship between CU traits and friendship quality during adolescence. In the current study, we used data from the Pathways to Desistance dataset to examine reciprocal and longitudinal associations between CU traits and friendship quality at three assessment points separated by 6 months each during adolescence.
The sample included adolescents who had interacted with the justice system (age at baseline, M = 16.04, SD = 1.14; N = 1354; 13.6% female). CU traits were assessed using the callousness scale of the self-reported Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory and friendship quality using a scale adapted from the Quality of Relationships Inventory. Models accounted for co-occurring aggression, impulsive-irresponsible traits, grandiose-manipulative traits, age, gender, location, and race.
At every assessment point, CU traits were uniquely related to lower friendship quality. Moreover, we found evidence for reciprocal effects between the first two assessment points, such that CU traits were related to decreases in friendship quality over time, while lower friendship quality simultaneously predicted increases in CU traits across the same period.
Interventions for CU traits could benefit from including specific modules that target the social processes associated with adaptive and successful friendships, including empathic listening and other-orientated thinking.
具有无情（CU）特质的年轻人表现出严重和慢性的反社会行为，以及同理心、内疚和亲社会行为等社会情感过程的缺陷。青春期是一个关键的发展窗口，在这个时期，这些社会情感过程可以帮助加深支持性同伴友谊的力量。然而，很少有研究探讨 CU 特质与青春期友谊质量之间的关系。在当前的研究中，我们使用了来自“停止犯罪途径”数据集的数据，在青春期期间，每 6 个月进行一次三次评估，以考察 CU 特质与友谊质量之间的互惠和纵向关联。
该样本包括与司法系统有过互动的青少年（基线时的年龄，M=16.04，SD=1.14；N=1354；女性占 13.6%）。CU 特质使用自我报告的青少年心理病理特征清单中的无情量表进行评估，友谊质量使用改编自关系质量清单的量表进行评估。模型考虑了共发性攻击行为、冲动不负责任特质、浮夸操纵特质、年龄、性别、地点和种族。
在每个评估点，CU 特质与较低的友谊质量有独特的关联。此外，我们还发现了前两个评估点之间存在互惠效应的证据，即 CU 特质与随着时间的推移友谊质量的下降有关，而较低的友谊质量同时预示着在同一时期 CU 特质的增加。
针对 CU 特质的干预措施可以受益于包括针对与适应性和成功友谊相关的社会过程的特定模块，包括同理心倾听和以他人为导向的思维。
