Godzińska E J
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1988;48(5):251-8.
Hymenoptera respond to confinement by vigorous and persistent escape behavior. In a field study, workers of two bumblebee species, Bombus terrestris L. and B. pascuorum Scop., were tested in glass tubes plugged by soil at the open end, and with their other, closed end oriented towards the-sunlight, so that the bees could alternate between two escape tactics: photopositive behavior and digging behavior. The bees of both species proved to be able to sdve such an escape task, i.e. to dig their way out of the tube almost without exceptions. However, as expected, workers of B. terrestris, a species nesting in underground cavities connected with the outside world by long tunnels, performed better than workers of B. pascuorum, a surface-nesting species. The workers of B. terrestris started to dig earlier, were digging more persistently and more efficiently, and, consequently, escaped out the test tubes earlier than the workers of B. pascuorum. High intraspecific variability in all parameters characterizing digging behavior of the bumblebees was also recorded.
膜翅目昆虫会通过强烈且持续的逃避行为来应对被困情况。在一项野外研究中，对两种熊蜂，即大地熊蜂（Bombus terrestris L.）和帕斯库熊蜂（B. pascuorum Scop.）的工蜂进行了测试。将它们放置在开口端用土壤堵塞的玻璃管中，玻璃管的另一端封闭且朝向阳光，这样蜜蜂就可以在两种逃避策略之间交替：趋光行为和挖掘行为。结果证明，这两种熊蜂的工蜂都能够解决这样的逃避任务，即几乎无一例外地从管中挖出通道。然而，正如预期的那样，在地下洞穴筑巢且通过长隧道与外界相连的大地熊蜂的工蜂，比在地面筑巢的帕斯库熊蜂的工蜂表现得更好。大地熊蜂的工蜂更早开始挖掘，挖掘更持久、更高效，因此比帕斯库熊蜂的工蜂更早逃出试管。研究还记录了熊蜂挖掘行为的所有参数中存在的高度种内变异性。
