Crane Meredith J, Henry William L, Tran Holly L, Albina Jorge E, Jamieson Amanda M
Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Brown University.
Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert School of Medicine of Brown University.
J Vis Exp. 2020 Mar 25(157). doi: 10.3791/60653.
Wound healing is a complex process that requires the orderly progression of inflammation, granulation tissue formation, fibrosis, and resolution. Murine models provide valuable mechanistic insight into these processes; however, no single model fully addresses all aspects of the wound healing response. Instead, it is ideal to use multiple models to address the different aspects of wound healing. Here, two different methods that address diverse aspects of the wound healing response are described. In the first model, polyvinyl alcohol sponges are subcutaneously implanted along the mouse dorsum. Following sponge retrieval, cells can be isolated by mechanical disruption, and fluids can be extracted by centrifugation, thus allowing for a detailed characterization of cellular and cytokine responses in the acute wound environment. A limitation of this model is the inability to assess the rate of wound closure. For this, a tail skin excision model is utilized. In this model, a 10 mm x 3 mm rectangular piece of tail skin is excised along the dorsal surface, near the base of the tail. This model can be easily photographed for planimetric analysis to determine healing rates and can be excised for histological analysis. Both described methods can be utilized in genetically altered mouse strains, or in conjunction with models of comorbid conditions, such as diabetes, aging, or secondary infection, in order to elucidate wound healing mechanisms.
伤口愈合是一个复杂的过程，需要炎症、肉芽组织形成、纤维化和愈合的有序进展。小鼠模型为这些过程提供了有价值的机制性见解；然而，没有单一模型能完全涵盖伤口愈合反应的所有方面。相反，使用多种模型来研究伤口愈合的不同方面是理想的选择。在此，描述了两种针对伤口愈合反应不同方面的不同方法。在第一个模型中，将聚乙烯醇海绵皮下植入小鼠背部。取出海绵后，可通过机械破碎分离细胞，并通过离心提取液体，从而能够详细表征急性伤口环境中的细胞和细胞因子反应。该模型的一个局限性是无法评估伤口闭合的速率。为此，采用尾皮切除模型。在这个模型中，沿着尾巴基部附近的背侧切除一块10毫米×3毫米的矩形尾皮。该模型可以很容易地拍照进行平面测量分析以确定愈合速率，也可以切除进行组织学分析。所描述的两种方法都可用于基因改造的小鼠品系，或与合并症模型（如糖尿病、衰老或继发感染）结合使用，以阐明伤口愈合机制。
