From the Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio (WDA, CJPC); Department of PM&R, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio (WDA); Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio (WDA); Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio (WDA); and Department of Research and Development Service, VA Caribbean Healthcare System, San Juan, Puerto Rico (CJPC).
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020 Dec;99(12):1171-1176. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000001429.
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome currently defined as pathological loss of muscle mass and function. Sarcopenia is not only a major contributor to loss of physical function in older adults but is also associated with increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs. As a complex and multifactorial syndrome, sarcopenia has been associated with numerous degenerative changes during the aging process, but there is building evidence for significant contributions to the development of sarcopenia from neurodegenerative changes in the peripheral nervous system. A variety of interventions have been investigated for the treatment of sarcopenia, but current management is primarily focused on nutrition and therapeutic exercise interventions. Great strides have been made to improve screening procedures and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia, but continued optimization of diagnostic and screening strategies is needed to better identify individuals with sarcopenia or at risk of developing sarcopenia. Understanding and addressing the major drivers of sarcopenia pathogenesis will help develop therapeutics that can reduce the impact of sarcopenia on affected individuals and society.
肌肉减少症是一种老年综合征，目前的定义为肌肉质量和功能的病理性丧失。肌肉减少症不仅是导致老年人身体功能丧失的主要原因，而且还与发病率、死亡率增加以及医疗保健费用增加有关。作为一种复杂的多因素综合征，肌肉减少症与衰老过程中的许多退行性变化有关，但越来越多的证据表明，外周神经系统的神经退行性变化对肌肉减少症的发展有重大贡献。已经研究了多种干预措施来治疗肌肉减少症，但目前的治疗主要集中在营养和治疗性运动干预上。在改善肌肉减少症的筛查程序和诊断标准方面已经取得了重大进展，但仍需要进一步优化诊断和筛查策略，以更好地识别肌肉减少症患者或有发展为肌肉减少症风险的个体。了解和解决肌肉减少症发病机制的主要驱动因素将有助于开发治疗方法，从而减少肌肉减少症对受影响个体和社会的影响。
