K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Apr 9;21(7):2602. doi: 10.3390/ijms21072602.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that execute their function by targeted downregulation of gene expressions. There is growing evidence from epidemiological studies and animal models suggesting that the expression level of miRNAs is dysregulated in venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE and provide general insight into research exploring the modulation of miRNA activity in animal models of venous thrombosis. Up to now, published studies have yielded inconsistent results on the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE with most of the reports focused on diagnostic research. The limited statistical power of the individual studies, due to the small sample sizes, may substantially contribute to the poor reproducibility among studies. In animal models, over-expression or inhibition of some miRNAs appear to influence venous thrombus formation and resolution. However, there is an important gap in knowledge on the potential role of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in VTE. Future research involving large cohorts should be designed to clarify the clinical usefulness of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE, and animal model studies should be pursued to unravel the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of VTE and their potential as therapeutic targets.
微小 RNA（miRNA）是一类非编码 RNA，通过靶向下调基因表达来发挥作用。越来越多的流行病学研究和动物模型证据表明，miRNA 的表达水平在静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）中失调。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 miRNA 作为 VTE 生物标志物的作用的现有知识，并提供了对探索 miRNA 活性在静脉血栓形成动物模型中的调节的研究的一般见解。到目前为止，已发表的研究在 miRNA 作为 VTE 生物标志物的作用方面得出了不一致的结果，大多数报告都集中在诊断研究上。由于样本量小，个别研究的统计能力有限，可能会大大影响研究之间的可重复性。在动物模型中，一些 miRNA 的过表达或抑制似乎会影响静脉血栓形成和溶解。然而，miRNA 作为 VTE 治疗靶点的潜在作用在知识上存在重要空白。应设计涉及大样本量的未来研究，以阐明 miRNA 作为 VTE 生物标志物的临床实用性，并且应进行动物模型研究，以揭示 miRNA 在 VTE 发病机制中的作用及其作为治疗靶点的潜力。
