Division of Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Biotechnology Laboratory in Urology, Division of Urology Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Urol Oncol. 2020 Jul;38(7):623-635. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.03.007. Epub 2020 Apr 10.
Many different genetic alterations, as well as complex epigenetic interactions, are the basis of the genesis and progression of prostate cancer (CaP). This is the reason why until now the molecular pathways related to development of this cancer were only partly known, and even less those that determine aggressive or indolent tumour behaviour. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of about 22 nucleotides long, small non-coding RNAs, which are involved in gene expression regulation at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs play a crucial role in regulating several biological functions and preserving homeostasis, as they carry out a wide modulatory activity on various molecular signalling pathways. MiRNA genes are placed in cancer-related genomic regions or in fragile sites, and they have been proven to be involved in the main steps of carcinogenesis as oncogenes or oncosuppressors in many types of cancer, including CaP. We performed a narrative review to describe the relationship between miRNAs and the crucial steps of development and progression of CaP. The aims of this study were to improve the knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying miRNA expression and their target genes, and to contribute to understanding the relationship between miRNA expression profiles and CaP.
许多不同的遗传改变，以及复杂的表观遗传相互作用，是前列腺癌（CaP）发生和发展的基础。这就是为什么直到现在，与这种癌症发展相关的分子途径才部分被了解，甚至更少的是那些决定侵袭性或惰性肿瘤行为的分子途径。microRNAs（miRNAs）是一类约 22 个核苷酸长的小非编码 RNA，它们参与转录后水平的基因表达调控。miRNAs 在调节多种生物学功能和维持内稳态方面发挥着关键作用，因为它们对各种分子信号通路具有广泛的调节活性。miRNA 基因位于与癌症相关的基因组区域或脆性位点，并且已经被证明在包括 CaP 在内的许多类型的癌症中作为癌基因或肿瘤抑制因子参与致癌作用的主要步骤。我们进行了叙述性综述，以描述 miRNA 与 CaP 发展和进展的关键步骤之间的关系。本研究的目的是提高对 miRNA 表达及其靶基因的机制的认识，并有助于理解 miRNA 表达谱与 CaP 之间的关系。
