Genç Herdem Aslan, Kılıçoğlu Hülya, Okutan Serhan, Sabuncuoğlu Osman
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Koç University Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.
Department of Orthodontics, İstanbul University School of Dentistry, İstanbul, Turkey.
Turk J Orthod. 2020 Mar 1;33(1):31-36. doi: 10.5152/TurkJOrthod.2020.19020. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are known to have several oral health problems, particularly traumatic dental injuries, decayed or filled teeth, and poor oral hygiene. The objective of the present study was to determine the ADHD symptoms in a group of patients with malocclusion and receiving orthodontic treatment.
A total of 88 subjects with a diagnosis of malocclusion between aged 8 and 17 years were included in the study. Socio-demographic characteristics, breastfeeding history, oral habits, and dental trauma history of the subjects were acquired by a detailed questionnaire. Subjects and their parents completed questionnaires addressing ADHD, other psychiatric problems, and dental health impact on the quality of life. During the orthodontic examination, the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need was applied to confirm the diagnosis of malocclusion.
Parent-reported psychiatric complaint occurred in almost half of the patients (n=38, 43.2%); the most frequent psychiatric complaints were inattention (n=22, 25%), opposition (n=13, 14.8%), and hyperactivity (n=11, 12.5%). The estimated ADHD prevalence according to parent measure was 15.9% (n=14). Self-report measures revealed that 18.4% (n=16) had behavioral symptoms. The most affected quality of life domain was psychological discomfort.
The findings indicate that ADHD prevalence in children with malocclusion is high. The orthodontists should have a keen eye on behavioral problems.
已知患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童存在多种口腔健康问题，尤其是牙齿外伤、龋齿或补牙以及口腔卫生不良。本研究的目的是确定一组患有错牙合畸形并接受正畸治疗的患者中的ADHD症状。
本研究共纳入88名年龄在8至17岁之间被诊断为错牙合畸形的受试者。通过详细问卷获取受试者的社会人口统计学特征、母乳喂养史、口腔习惯和牙齿外伤史。受试者及其父母完成了关于ADHD、其他精神问题以及牙齿健康对生活质量影响的问卷。在正畸检查期间，应用复杂性、结果和需求指数来确诊错牙合畸形。
近一半患者（n = 38，43.2%）出现家长报告的精神问题；最常见的精神问题是注意力不集中（n = 22，25%）、对立情绪（n = 13，14.8%）和多动（n = 11，12.5%）。根据家长测量，估计ADHD患病率为15.9%（n = 14）。自我报告测量显示，18.4%（n = 16）有行为症状。受影响最大的生活质量领域是心理不适。
研究结果表明，错牙合畸形儿童中ADHD患病率较高。正畸医生应密切关注行为问题。
