Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 Jun;104(11):4717-4735. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10560-9. Epub 2020 Apr 13.
Neurodegenerative disorders especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) are significantly threatening the public health. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are compounds of great interest which can be used as effective agents for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Although plants are considered the largest source for these types of inhibitors, the microbial production of AChE inhibitors represents an efficient, easily manipulated, eco-friendly, cost-effective, and alternative approach. This review highlights the recent advances on the microbial production of AChE inhibitors and summarizes all the previously reported successful studies on isolation, screening, extraction, and detecting methodologies of AChE inhibitors from the microbial fermentation, from the earliest trials to the most promising anti-AD drug, huperzine A (HupA). In addition, improvement strategies for maximizing the industrial production of AChE inhibitors by microbes will be discussed. Finally, the promising applications of nano-material-based drug delivery systems for natural AChE inhibitor (HupA) will also be summarized. KEY POINTS: • AChE inhibitors are potential therapies for Alzheimer's disease. • Microorganisms as alternate sources for prospective production of such inhibitors. • Research advances on extraction, detection, and strategies for production improvement. • Nanotechnology-based approaches for an effective drug delivery for Alzheimer's disease.
神经退行性疾病，特别是阿尔茨海默病（AD），严重威胁着公众健康。乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）抑制剂是一类非常重要的化合物，可用作 AD 症状治疗的有效药物。虽然植物被认为是这类抑制剂的最大来源，但微生物生产 AChE 抑制剂是一种高效、易操作、环保、经济且具有替代优势的方法。本文综述了微生物生产 AChE 抑制剂的最新进展，并总结了从微生物发酵中分离、筛选、提取和检测 AChE 抑制剂的所有先前报道的成功研究，从最早的试验到最有前途的抗 AD 药物石杉碱甲（HupA）。此外，还讨论了通过微生物最大限度地提高 AChE 抑制剂工业生产的改进策略。最后，还总结了基于纳米材料的药物传递系统在天然 AChE 抑制剂（HupA）中的有前景的应用。
关键点：
AChE 抑制剂是治疗阿尔茨海默病的潜在疗法。
微生物作为此类抑制剂潜在生产的替代来源。
提取、检测和生产改进策略方面的研究进展。
用于阿尔茨海默病的有效药物传递的基于纳米技术的方法。
