Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.
Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan.
Anim Sci J. 2020 Jan-Dec;91(1):e13366. doi: 10.1111/asj.13366.
Fecal microbiota in seven different monogastric animal species, elephant, horse, human, marmoset, mouse, pig and, rat were compared using the same analytical protocol of 16S rRNA metagenome. Fecal microbiota in herbivores showed higher alpha diversity than omnivores except for pigs. Additionally, principal coordinate analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance demonstrated that herbivores and pigs clustered together, whereas other animal species were separately aggregated. In view of butyrate- and lactate-producing bacteria, predominant genera were different depending on animal species. For example, the abundance of Faecalibacterium, a known butyrate producer, was 8.02% ± 3.22% in human while it was less than 1% in other animal species. Additionally, Bifidobacterium was a predominant lactate producer in human and marmoset, while it was rarely detected in other omnivores. The abundance of lactate-producing bacteria in herbivores was notably lower than omnivores. On the other hand, herbivores as well as pig possess Fibrobacter, a cellulolytic bacterium. This study demonstrated that fecal microbiota in herbivorous animals is similar, sharing some common features such as higher alpha diversity and higher abundance of cellulolytic bacterium. On the other hand, omnivorous animals seem to possess unique fecal microbiota. It is of interest that pigs, although omnivore, have fecal microbiota showing some common features with herbivores.
采用相同的 16S rRNA 宏基因组分析方案，比较了 7 种单胃动物（大象、马、人、狨猴、鼠、猪和鼠）的粪便微生物群。食草动物的粪便微生物群的α多样性高于杂食动物，但猪除外。此外，基于加权 UniFrac 距离的主坐标分析表明，食草动物和猪聚在一起，而其他动物物种则分别聚集。就丁酸和乳酸产生菌而言，主要属因动物物种而异。例如，已知的丁酸产生菌 Faecalibacterium 在人体中的丰度为 8.02%±3.22%，而在其他动物物种中的丰度低于 1%。此外，双歧杆菌是人及狨猴中主要的乳酸产生菌，而在其他杂食动物中很少检测到。食草动物中乳酸产生菌的丰度明显低于杂食动物。另一方面，食草动物和猪都具有纤维素分解菌 Fibrobacter。本研究表明，食草动物的粪便微生物群相似，具有一些共同特征，如较高的α多样性和较高的纤维素分解菌丰度。另一方面，杂食动物似乎具有独特的粪便微生物群。有趣的是，尽管猪是杂食动物，但它们的粪便微生物群具有与食草动物相似的一些特征。
