Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland.
Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2020 May 13;12(19):21342-21367. doi: 10.1021/acsami.0c01893. Epub 2020 Apr 30.
In the human body, cells in a tissue are exposed to signals derived from their specific extracellular matrix (ECM), such as architectural structure, mechanical properties, and chemical composition (proteins, growth factors). Research on biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine aims to recreate such stimuli using engineered materials to induce a specific response of cells at the interface. Although traditional biomaterials design has been mostly limited to varying individual signals, increasing interest has arisen on combining several features in recent years to improve the mimicry of extracellular matrix properties. Tremendous progress in combinatorial surface modification exploiting, for example, topographical features or variations in mechanics combined with biochemical cues has enabled the identification of their key regulatory characteristics on various cell fate decisions. Gradients especially facilitated such research by enabling the investigation of combined continuous changes of different signals. Despite unravelling important synergies for cellular responses, challenges arise in terms of fabrication and characterization of multifunctional engineered materials. This review summarizes recent work on combinatorial surface modifications that aim to control biological responses. Modification and characterization methods for enhanced control over multifunctional material properties are highlighted and discussed. Thereby, this review deepens the understanding and knowledge of biomimetic combinatorial material modification, their challenges but especially their potential.
在人体中，组织中的细胞会受到来自其特定细胞外基质（ECM）的信号的影响，例如结构、机械性能和化学成分（蛋白质、生长因子）。组织工程和再生医学中的生物材料研究旨在使用工程材料重现这些刺激，以诱导细胞在界面处的特定反应。尽管传统的生物材料设计主要限于改变单个信号，但近年来人们对结合多种特性以提高细胞外基质特性模拟的兴趣越来越大。通过利用例如拓扑特征或力学变化与生化线索相结合等组合表面修饰，在组合表面修饰方面取得了巨大进展，从而能够确定它们对各种细胞命运决定的关键调节特性。梯度特别有利于此类研究，因为它能够研究不同信号的连续组合变化。尽管揭示了细胞反应的重要协同作用，但在多功能工程材料的制造和特性方面仍然存在挑战。这篇综述总结了旨在控制生物学反应的组合表面修饰的最新研究。强调并讨论了用于增强对多功能材料特性控制的修饰和表征方法。通过这种方式，这篇综述深化了对仿生组合材料修饰、其挑战但特别是其潜力的理解和认识。
