Luppa Peter B, Müller Carolin, Schlichtiger Alice, Schlebusch Harald
Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Germany.
Nadistrasse 14, 80809 München, Germany.
Trends Analyt Chem. 2011 Jun;30(6):887-898. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.019. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a laboratory-medicine discipline that is evolving rapidly in analytical scope and clinical application. In this review, we first describe the state of the art of medical-laboratory tests that can be performed near the patient. At present, POCT ranges from basic blood-glucose measurement to complex viscoelastic coagulation assays. POCT shortens the time to clinical decision-making about additional testing or therapy, as delays are no longer caused by transport and preparation of clinical samples, and biochemical-test results are rapidly available at the point of care. Improved medical outcome and lower costs may ensue. Recent, evolving technological advances enable the development of novel POCT instruments. We review the underlying analytical techniques. If new instruments are not yet in practical use, it is often hard to decide whether the underlying analytical principle has real advantage over former methods. However, future utilization of POCT also depends on health-care trends and new areas of application. But, even today, it can be assumed that, for certain applications, near-patient testing is a useful complement to conventional laboratory analyses.
即时检验（POCT）是检验医学的一个学科领域，其分析范围和临床应用正在迅速发展。在这篇综述中，我们首先描述了可以在患者床边进行的医学检验的现状。目前，即时检验涵盖了从基本血糖测量到复杂的粘弹性凝血分析等各种项目。即时检验缩短了关于进一步检测或治疗的临床决策时间，因为临床样本的运输和准备不再造成延迟，生化检测结果可在护理点快速获得。这可能会带来更好的医疗结果并降低成本。近期不断发展的技术进步推动了新型即时检验仪器的开发。我们回顾了其潜在的分析技术。如果新仪器尚未实际应用，往往很难确定其潜在分析原理是否真的比以前的方法具有优势。然而，即时检验的未来应用还取决于医疗保健趋势和新的应用领域。但是，即便在当下，对于某些应用而言，患者床边检测可被视为对传统实验室分析的有益补充，这一点是可以确定的。
