Lakshmanan Kirthika, Liu Benjamin M
College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2025 Jan 7;15(2):123. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics15020123.
With the advent of a variety of vaccines against viral infections, there are multiple viruses that can be prevented via vaccination. However, breakthrough infections or uncovered strains can still cause vaccine-preventable viral infections (VPVIs). Therefore, timely diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of these viruses is critical to patient care and public health. Point-of-care (POC) viral diagnostics tools have brought significant improvements in the detection and management of VPVIs. These cutting-edge technologies enable prompt and accurate results, enhancing patient care by facilitating timely treatment decisions. This review delves into the advancements in POC testing, including antigen/antibody detection and molecular assays, while focusing on their impact on the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of VPVIs such as mpox, viral hepatitis, influenza, flaviviruses (dengue, Zika, and yellow fever virus), and COVID-19. The role of POC tests in monitoring viral infection is crucial for tracking disease progression and managing outbreaks. Furthermore, the application of POC diagnostics has shown to be vital for public health strategies. In this review, we also highlight emerging POC technologies such as CRISPR-based diagnostics and smartphone-integrated POC devices, which have proven particularly beneficial in resource-limited settings. We underscore the importance of continued research to optimize these diagnostic tools for wider global use for mpox, viral hepatitis, influenza, dengue, and COVID-19, while also addressing current challenges related to their sensitivity, specificity, availability, efficiency, and more.
随着多种针对病毒感染的疫苗问世，有多种病毒可通过接种疫苗预防。然而，突破性感染或未发现的毒株仍可导致疫苗可预防的病毒感染（VPVI）。因此，对这些病毒进行及时诊断、治疗和监测对患者护理和公共卫生至关重要。即时检测（POC）病毒诊断工具在VPVI的检测和管理方面带来了显著改善。这些前沿技术能够快速得出准确结果，通过促进及时的治疗决策来提升患者护理水平。本综述深入探讨了POC检测的进展，包括抗原/抗体检测和分子检测，同时重点关注其对mpox、病毒性肝炎、流感、黄病毒（登革热、寨卡病毒和黄热病病毒）以及COVID-19等VPVI的诊断、治疗和监测的影响。POC检测在监测病毒感染中的作用对于追踪疾病进展和控制疫情至关重要。此外，POC诊断的应用已证明对公共卫生策略至关重要。在本综述中，我们还强调了新兴的POC技术，如基于CRISPR的诊断和集成智能手机的POC设备，这些技术在资源有限的环境中已证明特别有益。我们强调持续研究的重要性，以优化这些诊断工具，使其在全球范围内更广泛地用于mpox、病毒性肝炎、流感、登革热和COVID-19，同时应对当前与其敏感性、特异性、可用性、效率等相关的挑战。
