Vega-Muñoz I, Feregrino-Pérez Ana A, Torres-Pacheco I, Guevara-González R G
Biosystems Engineering Group, School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Campus Amazcala. Carr. Chichimequillas-Amazcala Km 1 S/N. Amazcala, C.P.76265, El Marques, Querétaro, México.
Funct Plant Biol. 2018 Oct;45(10):1065-1072. doi: 10.1071/FP18011.
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have been studied recently to understand plant self-nonself recognition in response to attack by biotic and abiotic stresses. Extracellular DNA has emerged as a possible DAMP. As a DAMP DNA seems to function depending on the phylogenetic scale and has been tested in a few plant species. This study aimed to evaluate the possible role of self DNA (sDNA) as a DAMP by analysing changes in CpG DNA methylation and defence-related responses in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as a model plant. sDNA and nonself DNA (nsDNA) from Capsicum chinense Murray (both species belong to the same clade, Asterids) stimulated aberrant seed germination and root growth in lettuce seedlings. Similar resultswere obtained with nsDNA obtained from Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Rose plants (belonging to the clade Rosids I), although at significantly higher concentrations. Moreover, in most cases, this behaviour was correlated with hypomethylation of CpG DNA as well as defence responses measured as altered gene expression associated with oxidative burst and production of secondary metabolites (phenylpropanoids) related to coping with stress conditions. Our results suggested that extracellular and fragmented DNA has a role as a DAMP depending on phylogenetic closeness in plants as lettuce, inducing epigenetic, genetic and biochemical changes within the plant. The importance of our results is that, for the first time, they demonstrate that sDNA acts as a DAMP in plants, changing CpG DNA methylation levels as well as increasing the production of secondary metabolites associated with defence responses to stress.
损伤相关分子模式(DAMPs)最近已被研究,以了解植物在应对生物和非生物胁迫攻击时的自我与非自我识别。细胞外DNA已成为一种可能的DAMP。作为一种DAMP,DNA的功能似乎取决于系统发育尺度,并且已经在一些植物物种中进行了测试。本研究旨在通过分析作为模式植物的生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)中CpG DNA甲基化的变化和与防御相关的反应,评估自身DNA(sDNA)作为DAMP的可能作用。来自辣椒(Capsicum chinense Murray)(这两个物种属于同一进化枝,菊类植物)的sDNA和非自身DNA(nsDNA)刺激了生菜幼苗异常的种子萌发和根系生长。从窄叶金合欢(Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Rose)植物(属于蔷薇类植物I进化枝)获得的nsDNA也得到了类似的结果,尽管浓度要高得多。此外,在大多数情况下,这种行为与CpG DNA的低甲基化以及作为与氧化爆发相关的基因表达改变和与应对胁迫条件相关的次生代谢产物(苯丙烷类)产生所衡量的防御反应相关。我们的结果表明,细胞外和片段化的DNA作为一种DAMP发挥作用,这取决于植物(如生菜)中的系统发育亲缘关系,诱导植物体内的表观遗传、遗传和生化变化。我们结果的重要性在于,它们首次证明sDNA在植物中作为一种DAMP发挥作用,改变CpG DNA甲基化水平,并增加与胁迫防御反应相关的次生代谢产物的产生。