Dubrovina Alexandra S, Suprun Andrey R, Kiselev Konstantin V
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jul 15;26(14):6773. doi: 10.3390/ijms26146773.
Exogenous RNA application, also known as spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), is a new approach in plant biotechnology that utilizes RNA interference (RNAi) to modify plant traits. This technique involves applying RNA solutions of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), hairpin RNA (hpRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), or microRNA (miRNA) directly onto plant surfaces. This triggers RNAi-mediated silencing of specific genes within the plant or invading pathogens. While extensively studied for enhancing resistance to pathogens, the application of exogenous RNA to regulate plant endogenous genes remains less explored, creating a rich area for further research. This review summarizes and analyzes the studies reporting on the exogenously induced silencing of plant endogenes and transgenes using various RNA types. We also discuss the RNA production and delivery approaches, analyze the uptake and transport of exogenous RNAs, and the mechanism of action. The analysis revealed that SIGS/exoRNAi affects the expression of plant genes, which may contribute to crop improvement and plant gene functional studies.
外源RNA应用，也称为喷雾诱导基因沉默（SIGS），是植物生物技术中的一种新方法，它利用RNA干扰（RNAi）来改变植物性状。该技术包括将双链RNA（dsRNA）、发夹RNA（hpRNA）、小干扰RNA（siRNA）或微小RNA（miRNA）的RNA溶液直接喷洒在植物表面。这会触发植物体内特定基因或入侵病原体的RNAi介导的沉默。虽然对外源RNA增强病原体抗性进行了广泛研究，但利用外源RNA调节植物内源基因的研究仍较少，这为进一步研究提供了丰富的领域。本综述总结并分析了使用各种RNA类型对外源诱导植物内源基因和转基因沉默的研究报告。我们还讨论了RNA的产生和递送方法，分析了外源RNA的摄取和运输以及作用机制。分析表明，SIGS/exoRNAi影响植物基因的表达，这可能有助于作物改良和植物基因功能研究。
