Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nutritional Science, School of Nutritional Science and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021;61(6):1013-1026. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1750343. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
Endothelial function (EF) and arterial stiffness (AS) are predictors of cardiovascular disease. As previous research concerning the effect of coffee intake on EF and AS was controversial, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize research.
We performed a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to find clinical trials investigating the effect of coffee intake on EF or AS up to March 2020.Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) between intervention and control groups for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Between study heterogeneity was estimated using Cochran's Q and the -inconsistency index. Internal validity of included randomized trials was determined with the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias.
Twenty-three articles were included for qualitative and 11 articles for quantitative synthesis. Meta-analysis of 14 RCTs (nine articles) indicated a positive short-term (postprandial) effect of coffee intake on flow-mediated dilation (FMD) as a measure of EF (WMD: 1.93%[95% CI: 1.10-2.75]; = 97.9%). Meta-analysis of three long-term RCTs(two articles) found no such effect on FMD (WMD: -0.08% [-3.82 to 3.66]; = 61.4%).Most short-term information was from studies at low or unclear risk of bias, while the proportion of long-term information from studies at high risk of bias was considerable.
The results from this meta-analysis suggest a beneficial short-term effect of coffee intake on EF as measured by FMD. However, there might be unfavorable effects on AS. Our findings must be interpreted cautiously as the number of studies were low and included studies had a considerable risk of bias.
内皮功能 (EF) 和动脉僵硬 (AS) 是心血管疾病的预测指标。由于先前关于咖啡摄入量对 EF 和 AS 影响的研究存在争议，我们进行了系统评价和荟萃分析以综合研究结果。
我们在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中进行了系统搜索，以查找截至 2020 年 3 月调查咖啡摄入量对 EF 或 AS 影响的临床试验。对于随机对照试验 (RCT)，我们使用随机效应模型来估计干预组和对照组之间的汇总加权均数差 (WMD)。使用 Cochran's Q 和 -不一致指数来估计研究间的异质性。使用 Cochrane 协作组评估偏倚风险的工具来确定纳入随机试验的内部有效性。
有 23 篇文章进行定性分析，11 篇文章进行定量综合分析。对 14 项 RCT（9 篇文章）的荟萃分析表明，咖啡摄入对作为 EF 测量指标的血流介导的扩张 (FMD) 有短期（餐后）的积极影响（WMD：1.93%[95%CI：1.10-2.75]； = 97.9%）。对三项长期 RCT（2 篇文章）的荟萃分析发现，咖啡摄入对 FMD 没有这种影响（WMD：-0.08%[-3.82 至 3.66]； = 61.4%）。大多数短期信息来自于低或不明确偏倚风险的研究，而来自于高偏倚风险研究的长期信息比例相当大。
这项荟萃分析的结果表明，咖啡摄入对 FMD 测量的 EF 有短期的有益影响。然而，它可能对 AS 有不利影响。由于研究数量较少且纳入的研究存在相当大的偏倚风险，因此必须谨慎解释我们的发现。
