室内游泳池中的氯对专业游泳运动员呼吸阶段成分的影响。
The influence of chlorine in indoor swimming pools on the composition of breathing phase of professional swimmers.
机构信息
Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland.
Department of Swimming and Water Rescue, Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
出版信息
Respir Res. 2020 Apr 15;21(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12931-020-01350-y.
OBJECTIVES
Swimming is one of the most popular forms of physical activity. Pool water is cleaned with chlorine, which - in combination with compounds contained in water - could form chloramines and trichloromethane in the swimmer's lungs. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of swimming training in an indoor pool on the composition of swimmers' respiratory phase metabolomics, and develop a system to provide basic information about its impact on the swimmer's airway mucosa metabolism, which could help to assess the risk of secondary respiratory tract diseases i.e. sport results, condition, and health including lung acute and chronic diseases).
DESIGN
A group of competitive swimmers participated in the study and samples of their respiratory phase before training, immediately after training, and 2 h after training were assessed.
METHODS
Sixteen male national and international-level competitive swimmers participated in this study. Respiratory phase analysis of the indoor swimming pool swimmers was performed. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used in the measurements. All collected data were transferred to numerical analysis for trends of tracking and mapping. The breathing phase was collected on special porous material and analyzed using GCMS headspace.
RESULTS
The obtained samples of exhaled air were composed of significantly different metabolomics when compared before, during and after exercise training. This suggests that exposition to indoor chlorine causes changes in the airway mucosa.
CONCLUSION
This phenomenon may be explained by occurrence of a chlorine-initiated bio-reaction in the swimmers' lungs. The obtained results indicate that chromatographic exhaled gas analysis is a sensitive method of pulmonary metabolomic changes assessment. Presented analysis of swimmers exhaled air indicates, that indoor swimming may be responsible for airway irritation caused by volatile chlorine compounds and their influence on lung metabolism.
目的
游泳是最受欢迎的体育活动形式之一。游泳池的水用氯进行清洁，而氯与水中的化合物结合后，可能会在游泳者的肺部形成氯胺和三氯甲烷。本研究旨在检测室内游泳池游泳训练对游泳者呼吸阶段代谢组学组成的影响，并开发一种系统，提供其对游泳者气道黏膜代谢影响的基本信息，这有助于评估继发性呼吸道疾病的风险，例如运动成绩、身体状况和健康状况（包括肺部急性和慢性疾病）。
设计
一组竞技游泳运动员参加了这项研究，对他们训练前、训练后立即和训练后 2 小时的呼吸阶段样本进行了评估。
方法
16 名国家级和国际级竞技游泳运动员参加了这项研究。对室内游泳池游泳运动员的呼吸阶段进行了分析。气相色谱-质谱联用（GCMS）用于测量。所有收集的数据都被转移到数值分析中，以跟踪和绘制趋势。呼吸阶段是在特殊的多孔材料上收集的，并使用 GCMS 顶空进行分析。
结果
与运动训练前、中、后相比，呼出的空气样本的代谢组学明显不同。这表明暴露于室内氯会导致气道黏膜发生变化。
结论
这种现象可能是由于氯引发的生物反应在游泳者肺部发生。所得结果表明，色谱呼气分析是评估肺部代谢组学变化的一种敏感方法。对游泳者呼出空气的分析表明，室内游泳可能会引起挥发性氯化合物对气道的刺激，并影响肺部代谢。
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