MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 17;69(15):451-457. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e2.
Community mitigation activities (also referred to as nonpharmaceutical interventions) are actions that persons and communities can take to slow the spread of infectious diseases. Mitigation strategies include personal protective measures (e.g., handwashing, cough etiquette, and face coverings) that persons can use at home or while in community settings; social distancing (e.g., maintaining physical distance between persons in community settings and staying at home); and environmental surface cleaning at home and in community settings, such as schools or workplaces. Actions such as social distancing are especially critical when medical countermeasures such as vaccines or therapeutics are not available. Although voluntary adoption of social distancing by the public and community organizations is possible, public policy can enhance implementation. The CDC Community Mitigation Framework (1) recommends a phased approach to implementation at the community level, as evidence of community spread of disease increases or begins to decrease and according to severity. This report presents initial data from the metropolitan areas of San Francisco, California; Seattle, Washington; New Orleans, Louisiana; and New York City, New York* to describe the relationship between timing of public policy measures, community mobility (a proxy measure for social distancing), and temporal trends in reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Community mobility in all four locations declined from February 26, 2020 to April 1, 2020, decreasing with each policy issued and as case counts increased. This report suggests that public policy measures are an important tool to support social distancing and provides some very early indications that these measures might help slow the spread of COVID-19.
社区缓解活动（也称为非药物干预）是个人和社区可以采取的减缓传染病传播的措施。缓解策略包括个人防护措施（例如，洗手、咳嗽礼仪和戴口罩），个人可以在家中或社区环境中使用；社交距离（例如，在社区环境中保持人与人之间的物理距离并待在家里）；以及在家中和社区环境（例如学校或工作场所）中进行环境表面清洁。当没有疫苗或治疗方法等医疗对策时，社交距离等行动尤为关键。尽管公众和社区组织自愿采取社交距离措施是可能的，但公共政策可以增强其实施效果。疾病预防控制中心的社区缓解框架（1）建议在社区层面上采取分阶段的实施方法，随着疾病在社区中的传播证据增加或开始减少，并根据严重程度进行实施。本报告介绍了来自加利福尼亚州旧金山、华盛顿州西雅图、路易斯安那州新奥尔良和纽约市的大都市地区的初步数据，以描述公共政策措施的时间、社区流动性（社交距离的代理指标）与报告的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）病例的时间趋势之间的关系。这四个地方的社区流动性都从 2020 年 2 月 26 日到 2020 年 4 月 1 日下降，随着每项政策的发布和病例数的增加而下降。本报告表明，公共政策措施是支持社交距离的重要工具，并提供了一些非常早期的迹象，表明这些措施可能有助于减缓 COVID-19 的传播。
