MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Oct 30;69(43):1584-1590. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6943e4.
CDC recommends a number of mitigation behaviors to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Those behaviors include 1) covering the nose and mouth with a mask to protect others from possible infection when in public settings and when around persons who live outside of one's household or around ill household members; 2) maintaining at least 6 feet (2 meters) of distance from persons who live outside one's household, and keeping oneself distant from persons who are ill; and 3) washing hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or, if soap and water are not available, using hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol (1). Age has been positively associated with mask use (2), although less is known about other recommended mitigation behaviors. Monitoring mitigation behaviors over the course of the pandemic can inform targeted communication and behavior modification strategies to slow the spread of COVID-19. The Data Foundation COVID Impact Survey collected nationally representative data on reported mitigation behaviors during April-June 2020 among adults in the United States aged ≥18 years (3). Reported use of face masks increased from 78% in April, to 83% in May, and reached 89% in June; however, other reported mitigation behaviors (e.g., hand washing, social distancing, and avoiding public or crowded places) declined marginally or remained unchanged. At each time point, the prevalence of reported mitigation behaviors was lowest among younger adults (aged 18-29 years) and highest among older adults (aged ≥60 years). Lower engagement in mitigation behaviors among younger adults might be one reason for the increased incidence of confirmed COVID-19 cases in this group, which have been shown to precede increases among those >60 years (4). These findings underscore the need to prioritize clear, targeted messaging and behavior modification interventions, especially for young adults, to encourage uptake and support maintenance of recommended mitigation behaviors to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）推荐了一系列减轻行为，以防止导致 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒传播。这些行为包括：1）在公共场所和周围有家庭成员或与生病家庭成员以外的人接触时，用口罩遮住口鼻，以保护他人免受可能的感染；2）与家庭成员以外的人保持至少 6 英尺（2 米）的距离，并与生病的人保持距离；3）经常用肥皂和水洗手至少 20 秒，或者，如果没有肥皂和水，可以使用含有至少 60%酒精的洗手液（1）。年龄与口罩使用呈正相关（2），但对其他推荐的减轻行为了解较少。在大流行期间监测减轻行为可以为有针对性的沟通和行为改变策略提供信息，以减缓 COVID-19 的传播。Data Foundation COVID Impact Survey 在 2020 年 4 月至 6 月期间收集了美国≥18 岁成年人报告的减轻行为的全国代表性数据（3）。报告的口罩使用率从 4 月的 78%上升到 5 月的 83%，6 月达到 89%；然而，其他报告的减轻行为（如洗手、保持社交距离和避免公共场所或拥挤场所）略有下降或保持不变。在每个时间点，报告的减轻行为发生率在年轻成年人（18-29 岁）中最低，在老年人（≥60 岁）中最高。年轻成年人减轻行为的参与度较低可能是该人群 COVID-19 确诊病例增加的原因之一，这一人群的病例增加早于 60 岁以上人群（4）。这些发现强调了需要优先考虑明确、有针对性的信息传递和行为改变干预措施，特别是针对年轻成年人，以鼓励他们采取并支持维持推荐的减轻行为，防止 COVID-19 的传播。
