Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
Appetite. 2020 Aug 1;151:104710. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104710. Epub 2020 Apr 13.
Attentional bias to food stimuli may contribute to the etiology and/or maintenance of overweight and obesity. We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify the effect size associated with attentional bias to palatable food in persons with overweight/obesity across the age spectrum. Included studies measured attentional bias to food stimuli using two reaction-time tasks (dot-probe, emotional Stroop), eye-tracking methodology, and/or event-related potentials. Meta-analysis showed that persons with overweight/obesity did not differ from persons with a healthy weight on any of the following: automatic and maintained attention to food stimuli measured by the dot-probe task (Hedge's g = -0.355, 95% CI = -0.383, 0.486; and Hedge's g = 0.006, 95% CI = -0.187, 0.199); attentional bias to food stimuli measured by the emotional Stroop task (Hedge's g = 0.184, 95% CI = -0.283, 0.651); and attentional bias to food images on gaze-direction and gaze-duration bias eye-tracking metrics (Hedge's g = 0.317, 95% CI = -0.096, 0.729; and Hedge's g = 0.056, 95% CI = -0.296, 0.407). Systematic review of preliminary event-related potentials research suggested automatic, but not maintained, attention to food images in persons with overweight/obesity. Limitations of past attentional bias research in overweight/obesity, such as poor reliability of measures and lack of consideration of moderators, such as binge eating and degree of overweight/obesity, preclude the ability to draw firm conclusions. We recommend implementation of empirically based methods for improving psychometric properties of attentional bias measures and examination of potential moderators so that the field can understand whether attentional bias to food is truly greater in overweight/obesity.
注意力对食物刺激的偏见可能有助于超重和肥胖的病因和/或维持。我们按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行了文献综述和荟萃分析，以确定在整个年龄范围内，超重/肥胖人群对美味食物的注意力偏见与以下方面相关的效应大小：使用两种反应时任务（点探测、情绪斯特鲁普）、眼动追踪方法和/或事件相关电位来测量对食物刺激的注意力偏见。荟萃分析表明，超重/肥胖人群与体重正常人群在以下任何方面均无差异：使用点探测任务测量的食物刺激的自动和持续注意力（Hedge's g = -0.355，95%CI = -0.383，0.486；和 Hedge's g = 0.006，95%CI = -0.187，0.199）；使用情绪斯特鲁普任务测量的食物刺激的注意力偏差（Hedge's g = 0.184，95%CI = -0.283，0.651）；以及对注视方向和注视持续时间偏差眼动追踪指标上的食物图像的注意力偏差（Hedge's g = 0.317，95%CI = -0.096，0.729；和 Hedge's g = 0.056，95%CI = -0.296，0.407）。对初步事件相关电位研究的系统综述表明，超重/肥胖人群对食物图像存在自动但不持续的注意力。超重/肥胖人群注意力偏差研究的局限性，例如测量方法的可靠性差，以及缺乏对暴饮暴食和超重/肥胖程度等调节因素的考虑，使得无法得出明确的结论。我们建议实施基于经验的方法来提高注意力偏差测量的心理测量特性，并研究潜在的调节因素，以便该领域能够了解对食物的注意力偏差是否真的在超重/肥胖中更大。
