Evaluation of daunomycin toxicity on lens epithelium in vitro.

Posterior capsule opacification is the major complication of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). Lens epithelial cells derived from the periphery of the lens are thought to migrate posteriorly and contribute significantly to the postoperative proliferations at the posterior pole. We have evaluated the effects of the antiproliferative drug daunomycin on cultured porcine lens epithelial cell viability and proliferation. We observed that the mitotic activity of the cells is suppressed by a single short time treatment with daunomycin at a concentration as low as 2.5 mg/l. Long term effects on the reproductive capacity of the lens epithelial cells may not be as pronounced as the inhibition of other cells examined before e.g. retinal pigment epithelium and fibroblasts. Our results indicate that daunomycin may be useful for the pharmacologic prevention of postoperative proliferations in patients treated by ECCE.