Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
Behav Cogn Psychother. 2020 Jul;48(4):463-480. doi: 10.1017/S1352465820000156. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
Cognitive models of post-traumatic psychological adjustment have implicated both self-concept and self-appraisals in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Two studies investigated the relationship between self-concept and trauma-related self-appraisals, and whether culture influenced this relationship.
In Study 1, a student sample (Asian n = 41, British n = 34) who self-identified as having been through a trauma or extremely stressful event completed measures of self-concept, trauma-related self-appraisals and trauma-related distress. Study 2 extended this by asking Asian (n = 47) and British (n = 48) trauma survivors with and without PTSD to complete the same self measures as those administered in Study 1.
Study 1 found that overall for the British group, disruptions in self-concept (i.e. self-discrepancies and trauma-themed self-concept) correlated significantly with negative self, world and self-blame appraisals and depression. However, the same was not found in the Asian group. Study 2 found that pan-culturally those with PTSD had greater self-discrepancies and trauma-defined self-concept than those without PTSD. Additionally, pan-culturally, trauma-defined self-concept correlated significantly with negative self appraisals and depression; ideal self-discrepancies correlated significantly with negative self-appraisals across cultures and depression for the British group; while ought self-discrepancies correlated significantly with negative world appraisals for the Asian group and negative self and self-blame appraisals for the British. Lastly, negative self, world and self-blame appraisals correlated with symptoms of depression.
Taken together, the findings relay the important associations between appraisals, self-concept and post-traumatic psychological adjustment.
创伤后心理适应的认知模型暗示了自我概念和自我评估在创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）中的作用。两项研究调查了自我概念与创伤相关的自我评估之间的关系，以及文化是否影响这种关系。
在研究 1 中，一组自认为经历过创伤或极其紧张事件的学生（亚洲 n = 41，英国 n = 34）完成了自我概念、创伤相关自我评估和创伤相关困扰的测量。研究 2 扩展了这一研究，要求有和没有 PTSD 的亚洲（n = 47）和英国（n = 48）创伤幸存者完成与研究 1 中相同的自我测量。
研究 1 发现，对于英国组来说，自我概念的中断（即自我差异和创伤主题的自我概念）与负面的自我、世界和自我责备评估以及抑郁显著相关。然而，在亚洲组中并没有发现这种情况。研究 2 发现，在跨文化背景下，患有 PTSD 的个体比没有 PTSD 的个体有更大的自我差异和创伤定义的自我概念。此外，跨文化地，创伤定义的自我概念与负面的自我评估显著相关，与抑郁显著相关；理想自我差异与英国组的负面自我评估显著相关，与抑郁显著相关；而应该自我差异与亚洲组的负面世界评估和英国组的负面自我和自我责备评估显著相关。最后，负面的自我、世界和自我责备评估与抑郁症状相关。
总的来说，这些发现传达了评估、自我概念和创伤后心理适应之间的重要关联。
