Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern, Porsgrunn, Vestfold and Telemark, Norway.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Vestfold and Telemark, Norway.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 17;15(4):e0231710. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231710. eCollection 2020.
To investigate whether physician-diagnosed asthma modifies the associations between multiple lifestyle factors, sick leave and work ability in a general working population.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Telemark County, Norway, in 2013. A sample of 16 099 respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire. We obtained complete data on lifestyle, work ability and sick leave for 10 355 employed persons aged 18-50 years. We modelled sick leave and work ability using multiple logistic regression, and introduced interaction terms to investigate whether associations with lifestyle factors were modified by asthma status.
Several lifestyle risk factors and a multiple lifestyle risk index were associated with sick leave and reduced work ability score among persons both with and without physician-diagnosed asthma. A stronger association between lifestyle and sick leave among persons with asthma was confirmed by including interaction terms in the analysis: moderate lifestyle risk score * asthma OR = 1.4 (95% CI 1.02-2.1); high lifestyle risk score * asthma OR = 1.6 (95% CI 1.1-2.3); very high lifestyle risk score * asthma OR = 1.6 (95% CI 0.97-2.7); obesity * asthma OR = 1.5 (95% CI 1.02-2.1); past smoking * asthma OR = 1.4 (95% CI 1.01-1.9); and current smoking * asthma OR = 1.4 (95% CI 1.03-2.0). There was no significant difference in the association between lifestyle and work ability score among respondents with and without asthma.
In the present study, we found that physician-diagnosed asthma modified the association between lifestyle risk factors and sick leave. Asthma status did not significantly modify these associations with reduced work ability score. The results indicate that lifestyle changes could be of particular importance for employees with asthma.
探讨在一般工作人群中，医生诊断的哮喘是否会改变多种生活方式因素、病假和工作能力之间的关联。
2013 年，在挪威特伦马克郡进行了一项横断面研究。16099 名受访者完成了一份自我管理的问卷。我们获得了 10355 名 18-50 岁在职人员的生活方式、工作能力和病假的完整数据。我们使用多项逻辑回归模型来模拟病假和工作能力，并引入交互项来研究生活方式因素与哮喘状况之间的关联是否会发生改变。
几种生活方式危险因素和一个多种生活方式危险因素指数与有和没有医生诊断的哮喘的人请病假和工作能力评分降低有关。在分析中纳入交互项后，确认了哮喘患者与生活方式之间的更强关联：中等生活方式风险评分哮喘比值比=1.4（95%可信区间 1.02-2.1）；高生活方式风险评分哮喘比值比=1.6（95%可信区间 1.1-2.3）；极高生活方式风险评分哮喘比值比=1.6（95%可信区间 0.97-2.7）；肥胖哮喘比值比=1.5（95%可信区间 1.02-2.1）；过去吸烟哮喘比值比=1.4（95%可信区间 1.01-1.9）；当前吸烟哮喘比值比=1.4（95%可信区间 1.03-2.0）。在有和没有哮喘的受访者中，生活方式与工作能力评分之间的关联没有显著差异。
在本研究中，我们发现医生诊断的哮喘改变了生活方式危险因素与病假之间的关联。哮喘状况并没有显著改变这些与工作能力评分降低的关联。研究结果表明，生活方式的改变对于哮喘患者来说可能尤为重要。
