Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
Chair of Health Psychology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
Horm Behav. 2020 Jun;122:104750. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104750. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
Externalizing and internalizing behavior problems can have deleterious psychosocial consequences for youth. Both sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activity and reactivity may contribute to behavior problems but have largely been studied separately, with inconsistent findings. Because the SNS and HPA axis interact to carry out physiological processes (e.g., responding to stressors), considering SNS and HPA axis activity jointly may elucidate disparate findings. This review discusses studies that simultaneously assessed SNS and HPA axis (re)activity and youth behavior problems using measures of salivary alpha amylase (sAA) and salivary cortisol. Multiple patterns of SNS and HPA axis coordination were associated with problem behaviors, especially when considering individual differences and youth's psychosocial context. Importantly, many study findings may be artifacts of widespread methodological differences. The reviewed studies lay the foundation for future research on neuroendocrine coordination as a contributing factor to youth problem behaviors and some recommendations for future research are discussed.
外化和内化行为问题会对青少年的社会心理产生有害影响。交感神经系统（SNS）和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴的活动和反应性都可能导致行为问题，但这些问题在很大程度上是分开研究的，且研究结果不一致。由于 SNS 和 HPA 轴相互作用以执行生理过程（例如，对压力源做出反应），因此共同考虑 SNS 和 HPA 轴的活动可能会阐明不同的发现。本综述讨论了使用唾液淀粉酶（sAA）和唾液皮质醇同时评估 SNS 和 HPA 轴（再）活性与青少年行为问题的研究。SNS 和 HPA 轴协调的多种模式与行为问题有关，尤其是在考虑个体差异和青少年的社会心理背景时。重要的是，许多研究结果可能是由于广泛的方法学差异造成的。综述中的研究为神经内分泌协调作为青少年行为问题的一个促成因素的未来研究奠定了基础，并讨论了一些未来研究的建议。
