Veterinary Poisons Information Service, London, UK
Medivet, Southend-on-Sea, UK.
Vet Rec. 2020 Oct 3;187(7):e46. doi: 10.1136/vr.105686. Epub 2020 Apr 17.
Fatal cases of exposure to paralytic shellfish toxins and palytoxins have occurred in companion animals but are poorly described.
We describe one case of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and three cases of palytoxin poisoning in dogs.
Mild PSP occurred following ingestion of crab while walking on a beach. Analysis confirmed the presence of paralytic shellfish toxins, particularly decarbamoyl saxitoxin, in clinical samples and marine organisms. This case occurred shortly after an outbreak of PSP in dogs on the eastern coast of England. Palytoxin poisoning occurred in a dog after it chewed coral removed from an aquarium. Signs included collapse, hypothermia, bloody diarrhoea and respiratory distress. The dog was euthanised due to rapid deterioration and poor prognosis. Palytoxin was not detected in a premortem blood sample. Two other dogs in a separate incident developed only mild signs (fever and respiratory distress) after suspected exposure to aerosolised palytoxin and recovered within a few hours.
Cases of PSP are episodic and not common in dogs. Cases of palytoxin exposure are reportedly increasing in humans, and there is presumably also an increased risk to pets. There is no specific treatment for PSP or palytoxin poisoning.
麻痹性贝类毒素和海兔毒素暴露导致的致命病例已在伴侣动物中发生，但描述甚少。
我们描述了 1 例麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）和 3 例海兔毒素中毒的犬病例。
在海滩散步时摄入螃蟹后出现轻度 PSP。分析确认了临床样本和海洋生物中存在麻痹性贝类毒素，特别是去甲氨基甲酰蛤蚌毒素。该病例发生在英格兰东海岸犬麻痹性贝类中毒暴发后不久。一只狗在咀嚼从水族馆取出的珊瑚后发生海兔毒素中毒。症状包括虚脱、低体温、血性腹泻和呼吸窘迫。由于病情迅速恶化和预后不良，该犬被安乐死。在发病前的血液样本中未检测到海兔毒素。在另一起单独的事件中，两只狗疑似暴露于雾化海兔毒素后仅出现轻微症状（发热和呼吸窘迫），并在数小时内恢复。
PSP 病例是偶发性的，在犬中并不常见。据报道，人类中海兔毒素暴露的病例正在增加，宠物的风险也可能增加。目前尚无针对 PSP 或海兔毒素中毒的特定治疗方法。
