Vallès-Peris Núria, Domènech Miquel
Barcelona Science and Technology Studies Group (STS-b), Departamento de Psicología Social, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona.
Barcelona Science and Technology Studies Group (STS-b), Departamento de Psicología Social, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona.
Cuad Bioet. 2020 Jan-Apr;31(101):87-100.
Beyond the utopian or dystopian scenarios that accompany the progressive introduction of robots for care in daily environments, their use in the medical field entails controversies that require alternative forms of ethical responsibility. From this general objective, in this article we propose a series of reflections to articulate an ethical framework capable of orienting the introduction and use of robots in the field of health. The presented proposal is developed from a series of considerations about robots and care, as a starting point to develop an ethical framework based on the principle of precaution and measured action. It proposes a non-essentialist conceptualization of robots, that emphasizes their relational and contextual nature, understanding robots as heterogeneous artifacts that are constituted in a network of therapeutic relationships and that mediate our care relationships. This approach has a set of implications, which we articulate around measured action as an ethical proposal. The measured action, in our interpretation, responds to the principle of precaution and is configured through four dimensions: (1) the institutional commitment, (2) which integrates the fears and hopes of all those concerned actors, (3) which is realized carrying out progressive and revocable actions, under continuous monitoring and evaluation, and (4) which incorporates into the design process those actors practicing ″good care″.
除了在日常环境中逐步引入机器人进行护理所带来的乌托邦或反乌托邦情景之外,它们在医疗领域的使用引发了一些争议,这些争议需要其他形式的道德责任。基于这一总体目标,在本文中我们提出了一系列思考,以构建一个能够指导机器人在健康领域引入和使用的道德框架。所提出的建议是从关于机器人与护理的一系列考量出发,作为基于预防原则和适度行动来构建道德框架的起点。它提出了一种非本质主义的机器人概念化,强调其关系性和情境性本质,将机器人理解为在治疗关系网络中构成并介导我们护理关系的异质人工制品。这种方法有一系列影响,我们围绕适度行动作为一种道德建议来阐述。在我们的解释中,适度行动遵循预防原则,并通过四个维度来构建:(1)机构承诺,(2)这整合了所有相关行为者的恐惧和希望,(3)这通过在持续监测和评估下进行渐进且可撤销的行动来实现,以及(4)这将那些践行“优质护理”的行为者纳入设计过程。